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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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First true antibiotic |
Penicillin |
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Developed sulfa drugs |
Gehard domagk |
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Kills or inhibits microorganisms while damanging host as little as possible |
Selective toxicity |
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Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose |
Therapeutic index |
Higher is better |
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Natural antibiotics that have been structurally modified |
Semisynthetic |
Ampicillin |
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Kills bacteria |
Bacteriocidal "cidal" |
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Reversibly inhibit growth |
Static |
Tetracycline |
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Sensitivity test to antibiotics for anaerobes on agar plates, strips places on agar plate |
Etest |
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Lowest concentration of drug to prevent growth of a pathogen |
Minimal inhibitory concentration |
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Lowest drug concentration that kills a pathogen |
Minimal lethal concentration |
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Diluted concentrations of antibiotic in tubes of culture, all streaked out and lowest dose that killed all is mlc. |
Dilution susceptibility test |
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Saves time and money, has paper disks that produce a concentration gradient and read by the zone of inhibition |
Disk diffusion test/ kirby-bauer method |
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Side chain on penicillin molecule, can be bound by penicillinases |
B-lactam ring |
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Have a B-lactum ring, inhibit transpeptidation during peptidoglycan synthesis, but w/o allergies like penicillin |
Cephalosporins |
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Glycopeptide produced by streptomyces orientalis, blocks transpeptidation by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal sequence on peptidoglycan. Narrow for gram +, drug of last resort |
Vancomycin |
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Similar to vancomycin, less side effects, active against gram + |
Teicoplanin |
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Contain cyclohexane ring and amino sugars, protein synthesis inhibitors, bind 30s ribosomal subunit, gram -, |
Aminoglycoside antibiotics |
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4 ring structure, combine with 30s, inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic, broad spectrum |
Tetracycline |
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Lactone ring, 50s subunit, gram+ and mycoplasmas, bacterioststic |
Macrolide antibiotics |
Erythromycin |
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50s, inhibits protein synthesis, synthesized chemically, but toxic. |
Chloramphenicol |
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Antagonize or block metabolic pathways, go after key enzymes |
Antimetabolites |
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Against folic acid synthesis, contain sulfur. |
Sulfonamides |
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Synthetic antibiotic, against folic acid production, binds dihydrofolate, broad spectrum |
Trimethoprin |
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Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, more toxic, inhibit topoisomerases, dna gyrase, bacteriocidal, broad spectrum |
Quilolones |
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Antifungal, candidiasis, and meningitis. Disrupts fungal membrane sterols, low adverse effects |
Fluconazole |
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Inhibits viral molecule neuraminidase in influenza. |
Tamiflu |
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Antiprotozoan, treats malaria, supress protozoan reproduction and eradicate asexual reproduction |
Quinine drugs |
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Antiprotozoan for malaria, from chinese herbs, forms reactive oxygen intermediates in infected cells |
Artemisinin |
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For dysentery, antiprotozoan, against anaerobic organisms, |
Metronidazole |
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Nonoral routes to give drugs |
Parenteral routes |
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