Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Growth hormone; made by genetically modified bacteria |
Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbgh) |
|
|
Using instructions by a gene to build a particular protein |
Protein synthesis |
|
|
Polymer of nucleotides; ribose sugar |
Rna |
|
|
During protein synthesis. ...gets transcribed into..... |
Dna into rna |
|
|
During protein synthesis. .... gets translated into..... |
Mrna into protein |
|
|
Produces copy of gene; first step in protein synthesis |
Transcription |
|
|
Second step of protein synthesis; decoding rna |
Translation |
|
|
Enzyme used to synthesize copy of dna |
Rna polymerase |
|
|
Complimentary rna copy of dna |
Messenger rna (mrna) |
|
|
Structure that carries amino acid; ribosomes bind to them |
Trna |
|
|
Sequences of mrna; three nucleotides long and encode a particular amino acid |
Codons |
|
|
3 nucleotides at end of trna |
Anticodon |
|
|
Nucleotides at beginning of every gene; begins transcription |
Promoter |
|
|
Protein synthesis ends when a codon does not code for an amino acid |
Stop codon |
|
|
Sequence of amino acids that a gene calls for |
Genetic code |
|
|
Changes to dn sequence |
Mutations |
|
|
Mutation that has no effect on protein |
Neutral mutation |
|
|
Adding or deleting a nucleotide resulting in altering reading frame |
Frameshift mutation |
|
|
Turning a gene on or off according to cells need |
Regulating gene expression |
|
|
Gene ezpression regulation; binds to promoter to prevent rna from binding |
Repressor |
|
|
Proteins used to help rna bind to promoter |
Activators |
|
|
Making many copies of genes |
Cloning |
|
|
Enzymes that cut dna at specific sequence |
Restriction enzymes |
|
|
Entire suite of henes present in a particular organism |
Genome |
|
|
Used to introduce genes into plant cells |
Ti plasmid |
|
|
Plant tumors |
Galls |
|
|
Shoots microscopic pellets into plant cell |
Gene gun |
|
|
Cells that have not developed into a specific cell type yet |
Stem cells |
|
|
Using stem cells to replace damaged cells with healthy cells |
Therapeutic cloning |
|
|
Easy to manipulate in genetic studies |
Model organisms |
|
|
Replacing defective genes with functional genes |
Gene therapy |
|
|
Type of gene therapy used on embryos |
Germ line gene therapy |
|
|
Gene therapy performed on body cells to fix replace defective ones |
Somatic cell gene therapy |
|
|
Process used on dolly; isolate mammary cell from sheep and evg from another; fuse together; implant in surrogate |
Niclear transfer |
