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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Astrocytes |
glial cells in the CNS that provide support to neurons and are critical to the formation of the blood-brain barrier |
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Vertebral column |
bony structure that surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
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Meninges |
three membranes that separate the soft tissue of the CNS from the surrounding bone; dura mater; arachnoid mater and pia mater |
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Dura mater |
the outermost of the 3 meninges, closest to the bone |
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Arachnoid mater |
one of the 3 meninges, located between the dura mater and pia mater |
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Pia Mater |
innermost of the 3 meninges, adjacent to the nervous tissue |
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Subarachnoid space |
the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
clear, watery fluid that surrounds and protects the CNS and is similar in composition to plasma |
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Ventricles |
in the heart, the two lower chambers, which pump blood into the arteries; in the brain, chambers that contain cerebrospinal fluid |
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Central Canal |
long, thin cylindrical canal that runs the length of the spinal cord and is continuous with the cerebral ventricles; contains cerebrospinal fluid |
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Ependymal cells |
glial cells that line the cerebral ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord |
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Choroid Plexus |
vascularized tissue lining the cerebral ventricles; synthesizes cerebrospinal fluid |
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Reflex |
automatic patterned response to a stimulus |
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Reflex arcs |
pathway by which a stimulus reflexively induces a response |
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Muscle Spindle |
sensory receptor with skeletal muscle that detects changes in the length of the muscle |
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Stretch reflex |
monosynaptic reflex in response to stretch of the muscle |
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Withdrawal reflex |
reflex removal of a limb from a noxious stimulus |
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Crossed-extensor reflex |
reflex extension of a limb when a noxious stimulus is applied to the limb on the other side of the body |
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Lower Motor neurons |
neurons that innervate skeletal muscles; also called motor neurons |
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Motor neuron |
efferent neuron of the somatic NS that synapses on skeletal muscle cells; originates in the spinal cord ventral horn or in analogous structures in the brainstem |
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Pyramidal tract |
a direct pathway from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord; controls fine voluntary movements |
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Upper motor neurons |
neurons of the pyramidal tracts that originate in the primary cortex and terminate in the spinal cord ventral horn |
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Wernicke's area |
area of the association cortex devoted to language comprehension; located in the posterior and superior portion of the temporal lobe and the inferior parietal lobe |
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Broca's area |
area of association cortex devoted to language expression; located in the frontal lobe |
