Chapter 9

Front 1

fermentation(catabolic process)

Back 1

leads to the partial degradation of sugars without the
use of oxygen

Front 2

aerobic respiration

Back 2

...consumes oxygen as a
reactant to complete the breakdown of a variety of organic molecules.

Front 3

cellular respiration

Back 3

... technically includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes, the
term is commonly used to refer only to the aerobic process.

Front 4

redox reactions

Back 4

Reactions that result in the transfer of one or more electrons (e−) from one reactant to another are oxidation-reduction reactions OR...

Front 5

oxidation

Back 5

The loss of electrons from a substance is called...

Front 6

reduction

Back 6

The addition of electrons to another substance is called...

Front 7

NAD+

Back 7

The hydrogen atoms are not transferred directly to oxygen but are passed first to a coenzyme
called...

Front 8

electron transport chain

Back 8

cellular respiration uses an... to break the fall of electrons to O2 into
several energy-releasing steps.

Front 9

Glycolysis

Back 9

...occurs in the cytosol. It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of
pyruvate.

Front 10

citric acid cycle

Back 10

In eukaryotes, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and is oxidized to a compound called acetyl CoA, which enters the...

Front 11

acetyl CoA

Back 11

After pyruvate enters the mitochondrion via active transport, it is converted to a compound called acetyl coenzyme A...

Front 12

ATP synthase

Back 12

A protein complex in the cristae... actually makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Front 13

chemiosmosis

Back 13

This process, in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is
used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP called...

Front 14

aerobic

Back 14

oxygen is present

Front 15

anaerobic

Back 15

oxygen is not present