Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
zeitgeber
|
stimulus that resets our circadian rhythm
|
|
|
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
|
genetically controlled
located above the optic chiasm rhythm follow pace of the donor cell |
|
|
retinohypothalamic path
|
special population of retinal ganglion cells
photopigement: melanopsin |
|
|
PER and TIM
|
promote sleep and inactivity
when PER and TIM are high, organism feels sleepy mutations in these genese alter sleep schedules |
|
|
pineal gland
|
controlled by SCN
just posterior to the hypothalamus releases hormone melatonin, mainly at night high melatonin=sleepy |
|
|
sleep spindle
|
12-14 Hz waves during a 0.5 second burst;
interaction between cells in the thaalamus and the cortex |
|
|
k-complex
|
sharp wave associated with temporary inhibition of neuronal firing
|
|
|
slow-wave sleep
|
stage 3 and 4 of cycle
|
|
|
paradoxical sleep
|
deep sleep in some ways and light in others
|
|
|
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
|
irregular, low voltage waves
increased neuronal activity muscle relaxation more common towards the end of sleep cycle |
|
|
reticular formation
|
some axons into brain, some into spinal cord
|
|
|
pontomesencephalon
|
maintains arousal, increases arousal in response to new tasks
releases acetylcholine and glutamate |
|
|
locus coeruleus
|
small structure in the pons
bursts of impulses in response to meaningful events important in learning releases norepinephrine |
|
|
hypothalamus
|
neurotransmitter histamine
excitatory effects in brain neurotransmitter orexin (aka hypocretin): for staying awake |
|
|
basal forebrain
|
acetylcholine release
|
|
|
narcolepsy
|
lack orexin, which maintains wakefulness
|
