Chapter 9

Front 1

Are the means by which the brain receives information about the environment and the body.

Back 1

SENSES

Front 2

Is the process initiated by stimulating sensory receptors.

Back 2

SENSATION

Front 3

Is the conscious awareness of those stimuli.

Back 3

PERCEPTION

Front 4

Have receptors distributed over a large part of a body.

Back 4

GENERAL SENSES

Hint 4

They are divided into two groups: the SOMATIC SENSES and the VISCERAL SENSES .

Front 5

Provide sensory information about the body and the environment.

Back 5

SOMATIC SENSES

Front 6

Provide information about various internal organs, primarily involving pain and pressure.

Back 6

VISCERAL SENSES

Front 7

What are the 5 special senses?

Back 7

1. Smell

2. Taste

3. Sight

4. Hearing

5. Balance

Front 8

Are sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials.

Back 8

SENSORY RECEPTORS

Front 9

Responds to mechanical stimuli, such as the bending or stretching of receptors.

Back 9

MECHANORECEPTORS

Front 10

Responds to chemicals.

Back 10

CHEMORECEPTORS

Front 11

Responds to light.

Back 11

PHOTORECEPTORS

Front 12

Responds to temperature changes.

Back 12

THERMORECEPTORS

Front 13

Responds to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain.

Back 13

NOCICEPTORS

Front 14

Have sensory receptors that are widely distributed through the body.

Back 14

GENERAL SENSES

Hint 14

It includes the senses of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, itch and proprioception.

Front 15

It is the sense of movement and position of the body and the limbs.

Back 15

PROPRIOCEPTION

Front 16

It is the simplest and most common type of sensory receptors.

Back 16

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

Hint 16

Are distributed throughout almost all parts of the body.

Front 17

What are the receptors for temperature?

Back 17

COLD RECEPTORS and WARM RECEPTORS

Front 18

It responds to decreasing temperature but stops responding at temperatures below 12°C (54°F).

Back 18

COLD RECEPTORS

Front 19

It responds to increasing temperature but stops responding at temperatures above 47°C (117°F).

Back 19

WARM RECEPTORS

Front 20

Are structurally more complex than free nerve endings.

Back 20

TOUCH RECEPTORS

Front 21

Are small, superficial nerve endings involved in detecting light touch and superficial pressure.

Back 21

MERKEL DISKS

Front 22

It's associated with hairs, and is also involved in detecting light touch.

Back 22

HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS

Front 23

They are very sensitive but not very disouminative, meaning that the point being touched cannot be precisely located.

Back 23

LIGHT TOUCH RECEPTORS

Front 24

Receptors for fine, discriminative touch.

Back 24

MEISSNER CORPUSCLE

Hint 24

Are located just deep to the epidermis.

Front 25

Deeper tactile receptors.

Back 25

RUFFINI CORPUSCLES

Hint 25

Play an important role in detecting continuous pressure in the skin.

Front 26

Deepest receptors are associated with tendons and joints.

Back 26

PACINIAN CORPUSCLES

Hint 26

These receptors relay information concerning deep pressure, vibration, and position (proprioception).

Front 27

It is characterized by a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences.

Back 27

PAIN

Front 28

Perception of pain can be disrupted through?

Back 28

ANESTHESIA

Front 29

Suppresses action potentials from pain receptors in local areas of the body through the injection of chemical anesthetics near a sensory receptors or nerve.

Back 29

LOCAL ANESTHESIA

Front 30

A treatment where chemical anesthetics that affect the reticular activating system are administered.

Back 30

GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Front 31

These action potentials "close the gate" and inhibit action potentials carried to the brain by the spinothalamic tract.

Back 31

GATE CONTROL THEORY

Hint 31

It may explain the physiological basis for several techniques that have been used to reduce the intensity of pain.

Front 32

Is perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not source of the pain stimulus.

Back 32

REFERRED PAIN

Hint 32

We can sense these pain when deeper structures, such as internal organs are damaged or inflamed.

Front 33

The brain cannot distinguish between the two sources of pain stimuli, and the painful sensation is referred to the most superficial structures innervated, such as the skin.

Back 33

REFERRED PAIN

Hint 33

Is clinically useful in diagnosing the actual cause of the painful stimulus.

Front 34

Senses that are associated with very specialized, localized sensory receptors.

Back 34

SENSES OF SMELL, TASTE, SIGHT, HEARING AND BALANCE

Front 35

Sensations that are closely related, both structurally and functionally, and both are initiated by the interaction of chemicals with chemoreceptors.

Back 35

SENSATIONS OF SMELL AND TASTE

Front 36

This sense is initiated by the interaction of light with photoreceptors.

Back 36

THE SENSE OF VISION

Front 37

Function in response to the interaction of mechanical stimuli with mechanoreceptors.

Back 37

HEARING AND BALANCE

Front 38

Occurs in response to sound waves.

Back 38

HEARING

Front 39

Occurs in response to gravity or motion.

Back 39

BALANCE

Front 40

Sense of smell.

Back 40

OLFACTION

Hint 40

Occurs in response to airborne molecules called ODORANTS that enter the nasal cavity.

Front 41

Are bipolar neurons within the olfactory epithelium.

Back 41

OLFACTORY NEURONS

Hint 41

It detects and transmits odorant information to the CNS.

Front 42

It lines the superior part of the nasal cavity.

Back 42

OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM

Hint 42

It is a membranous tissue located inside the nasal cavity, containing olfactory cells.

Front 43

How many functional olfactory receptors are there?

Back 43

400

Front 44

It is lined with a mucous membrane that helps keep your nose moist by making mucus.

Back 44

NASAL CAVITY

Front 45

It is also called an smell receptor.

Back 45

OLFACTORY RECEPTORS

Front 46

It is located within temporal and frontal lobes.

Back 46

OLFACTORY CORTEX

Front 47

It transmits smell information.

Back 47

OLFACTORY BULB

Front 48

It is the sensory structures that detect taste stimuli.

Back 48

TASTE BUDS

Hint 48

Are oval structures located on the surface of certain papillae.

Front 49

Which are enlargement on the surface of the tongue.

Back 49

PAPILLAE

Front 50

Are also distributed throughout other areas of the mouth and pharynx, such as on the palate, the root of the tongue, and the epiglottis.

Back 50

TASTE BUDS

Hint 50

Each of them consists of two types of cells. Specialized epithelial cells form the exterior supporting capsule of each taste buds, and the interior consists of about 40 taste cells.

Front 51

Hair like processes where each taste cell contains.

Back 51

TASTE HAIRS

Hint 51

It is extended through a tiny opening in the surrounding stratified epithelium called a taste pores.

Front 52

It is a sense that develops through the interaction of dissolved molecules with taste buds.

Back 52

TASTE OR GUSTATION

Front 53

What are the different tastes?

Back 53

Salty, Sour, Sweet, Bitter, and Umami or Savory

Front 54

It is considered as a main organ of taste. And it is covered with projections called papillae that contain taste buds.

Back 54

TONGUE

Hint 54

It is the main site of taste sensation.

Front 55

What are the 4 types of papilla based on their appearance?

Back 55

Circumvallate "Vallate" Papillae

Fungiform Papillae

Foliate Papillae

Filiform Papillae

Front 56

It is a type of papilla that is large and round and has taste buds, located in the base of the tongue.

Back 56

CIRCUMVALLATE "VALLATE" PAPILLAE

Front 57

It is mushroom-shaped and has taste buds. Located near the middle or in a cleft of the papillae.

Back 57

FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE

Front 58

It is leaf-shaped with taste buds in the side of the papillae, and are located along the border.

Back 58

FOLIATE PAPILLAE

Front 59

Thin and wire-shaped l, do not contain taste buds.

Back 59

FILIFORM PAPILLAE