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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolute poverty |
An absolute measure— such as the U.S. poverty line—that makes it clear what level of income people need in order to survive. |
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Achievement |
The accomplishments, or the merit, of the individual. |
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Ascribtion |
Being born with or inheriting certain characteristics (wealth, high status, etc.). |
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Caste |
The most rigid and most closed system of stratification, usually associated with India. |
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Colonialism |
A method of gaining control over another country or geographic area; generally involves settlers as well as formal mechanisms of control. |
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Distinction |
The need to distinguish oneself from others. |
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Horizontal Mobility |
Movement within one’s social class. |
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Imperialism |
Control over geographic areas without the creation of colonies. |
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Income |
The amount of money a person earns in a given year from a job, a business, or various types of assets and investments. |
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Inequality |
The fact that some positions in society yield a great deal of money, status, and power while others yield little, if any, of these. |
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Intergenerational Mobility |
The difference between the parents’ social class position and the position achieved by their child(ren). |
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Intragenerational Mobility |
Movement up or down the stratification system in one’s lifetime. |
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Occupational Mobility |
Changes in people’s work, either across or within generations. |
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Post Conlonialism |
The era in once-colonized areas after the colonizing power has departed, although postcolonial thinking and work could already be well under way before the colonizing power departs. |
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Poverty Line |
The threshold, in terms of income, below which a household is considered poor. |
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Power |
The ability to get others to do what you want them to do, even if it is against their will. |
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Relative Poverty |
The state of being or feeling to be, irrespective of income, poor relative to others. |
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Slavery |
A system in which people are defined as property, involuntarily placed in perpetual servitude, and not given the same rights as the rest of society. |
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Social Class |
One’s economic position in the stratification system, especially one’s occupation, which strongly determines and reflects one’s income and wealth. |
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Social Mobility |
The ability or inability to change one’s position in the social hierarchy. |
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Social Stratification |
Hierarchical differences and inequalities in economic positions, as well as in other important areas, especially political power and status or social honor. |
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Status Consistency |
The occupation of similar positions in the stratification system across the dimensions of class, status, and power; people with status consistency rank high, medium, or low on all three dimensions. |
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Status Inconsistancy |
The occupation of different positions on different dimensions of the stratification system. |
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Structural Mobility |
The effect of changes in the larger society on the position of individuals in the stratification system, especially the occupational structure. |
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Symbolic Exchange |
A process whereby people swap all sorts of things in a setting where the process of exchange is valued in itself and for the human relationships involved and not because of the economic gains—the money—that may be derived from it. |
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Theories of Conlonialism |
Systems of thought that address the causes and consequences of a powerful nation-state’s control of a less powerful geographic area. |
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Vertical Mobility |
Both upward and downward mobility. |
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Wealth |
The total amount of a person’s assets less the total of various kinds of debts. |
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World System Theory |
A system of thought that focuses on the stratification of nation- states on a global scale. |
