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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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behavior that violates significant social norms
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deviance
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a mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society
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stigma
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the social scientists who study criminal behavior
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criminologists
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views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society
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strain theory
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the situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable
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anomie
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explains deviance as a natural occurence
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control theory
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explains devaince as a learned behavior
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cultural transmission theory
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refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals
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differential association
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people suspend their moral beliefs to commit devaint acts
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techniques of neutralization
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focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant
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labeling theory
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nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority
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primary deviance
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results in the individual being labled as deviant and accepting the label as true
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secondary deviance
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the process of labeling an individual as deviant is usually accompanied by what sociologist Harold Garfinkel calls this
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degradation ceremony
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if someone is labeled as deviant, they will start to act deviant
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by the law, and is punishable by the government
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crime
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crime that is commited by an individual or individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives
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white-collar crime
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a large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or the threat of violence
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crime syndicate
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the system of police, courts, and corrections
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criminal-justice system
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the power held by polce officers to decide who is actually arrested
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police discretion
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the practice of assuming nonwhite Americans are more likey to commit crimes then white Americans
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racial profiling
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process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence
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plea bargaining
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repeated criminal behavior
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recidivism
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sanctions--such as imprisonment, parole, and probation--used to punish criminals
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corrections
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