Chapter 8 Social Studies 4Th Grade

Front 1

Great Lakes

Back 1

HOMES: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

Front 2

waterway

Back 2

a system made up of rivers, lake, and canals through which ships travel

Front 3

canal

Back 3

one kind of waterway that has been dug across land for ships to go through

Front 4

Illinois Waterway

Back 4

connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River

Front 5

St. Lawrence Seaway

Back 5

links the Great Lakes with the St. Lawrence RIver

Front 6

lock

Back 6

a gated part of a canal or river

Front 7

barge

Back 7

flat-bottomed boat

Front 8

How were the Great Lakes formed?

Back 8

Thousands of years ago glaciers carved deep pits in the land and then they filled with melting ice.

Front 9

What effect did changing the flow of the Chicago River have on transporting goods from Lake Michigan?

Back 9

It let goods be shipped from Lake Michigan to the Missippi River.

Front 10

If you want to ship fruit form farm in Midwest to Northeast how would you do it?

Back 10

Trucks are best if for fresh fruits if distance not too far (like here), trains if distance very far (like across country)

Front 11

What are locks and why are they important?

Back 11

locks were built so that ships could be raised or lowered to a different level. A lock system helps ships pass through rivers and canals that are at different heights.

Front 12

What helps link the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean?

Back 12

The St. Lawrence Seaway

Front 13

Badlands

Back 13

regions of dry hills and sharp cliffs formed of crumbling rock in south Dakota

Front 14

How did the climate of the Badlands change?

Back 14

Millions of years ago the climate was warmer and more humid. It was a lush green plain with many plants and animals. Over time the climate became cooler and less humid. Mountains rose and blocked some of the rain. Rivers, wind, and rain carved the landscape.

Front 15

Badlands National Park

Back 15

In SW South Dakota, has dry hills and cliffs. Wind and water have carved the cliffs.

Front 16

erosion

Back 16

the wearing away of rock by water and wind

Front 17

What does erosion do to the land?

Back 17

Erosion continually changes the landscape and landforms. It also uncovers fossils in the Badlands.

Front 18

prairie

Back 18

an area where grasses grow well but trees are rare; the prairie gets much less rain than regions where forests are found.

Front 19

What was the climate of western South Dakota when dinosaurs lived there?

Back 19

The climate was warmer and more humid than today. Many plants and animals lived there. Broad rivers flowed through lush, green plains

Front 20

What caused the climate of the Badlands to change?

Back 20

The climate became cooler and less humid, then Rocky Mountains and Black Hills rose and blocked some of the rain. Rivers, wind and rain carved the landscape.

Front 21

Mitchell, South Dakota

Back 21

Home of the Corn Palace, where the walls are made from corncobs, bundles of wheat, stalks of grass,and kernels of grain.

Front 22

Big Springs, Nebraska

Back 22

they grow wheat (oat, barley) and sunflowers and are in the Great Plains

Front 23

Hoopeston, Illinois

Back 23

they grow corn and soybeans and are in the Central Plains

Front 24

Great Plains

Back 24

An area running North/South across the midwest with 10 - 30 inches of rain per year

Front 25

Central Plains

Back 25

An area running east/west unde the Great Lakes with an average rainfall of 30 - 40 inches per year

Front 26

Why is the midwest an important agricultural region?

Back 26

The soil is rich and deep. Rainfall is plentiful. THe growing season is long and summers are warm.

Front 27

crop rotation

Back 27

the planting of different crops in different years

Front 28

irrigation

Back 28

the process of bringing water to farms and spraying it over the fields.

Front 29

What effect has irrigation had on the Great Plains?

Back 29

Lets farmers grow crops that need more water (corn, soybeans) than the Great Plains naturally has

Front 30

Ten products from the Midwest

Back 30

Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, hogs, milk & dairy, beef, sunflowers, apples, cherries, peaches, plums, grapes, blueberries, strawberries

Front 31

Cause: Direction of flow of Chicago River changed

Back 31

Effect: Links Lake Michigan to MIssissippi RIver so better for shipping

Front 32

Cause: Large or heavy products have to move long distance at low cost

Back 32

Effect:Ship by barge

Front 33

Cause: Glaciers form deep pits and then Ice Age ends

Back 33

Effect: Melted water from glaciers from Great Lakes

Front 34

Cause: Illinois Waterway built

Back 34

Effect: Lake Michigan connects to Mississippi River

Front 35

Cause: Climate of Badlands gets cooler and less humid

Back 35

Effect: The landforms change. Rivers, wind and rain erode the land.

Front 36

Cause: Irrigation on Great Plains

Back 36

Effect: Farmers able to grow crops that need more water - corn and soybeans

Front 37

Cause: Midwest has rich, deep soil and long growing season

Back 37

Effect: big agricultural area - great for farming

Front 38

Cause: Nearly half the corn in USA grown in central Plains

Back 38

Effect: CP called corn belt

Front 39

Cause: great plains don't get as much rain as central plains

Back 39

effect: irrigation used here.

Front 40

Cause: Temp of earth rises at end of ice age

Back 40

Effect: Great lakes formed when glaciers melt

Front 41

Cause: Sand is flung by wind agains cliff faces

Back 41

Effect: landscape changes from erosion

Front 42

Cause: Soybean plants add necessary to soil

Back 42

Effect: Corn can be grown in soil now