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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some basic functions of the skin structure?
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Protect (agains microbial)
Retard (fluid loss by mechnical barrier) Regualte body temp Provide sensory preception via free nerve endings Produce Vit D Contribute to B/P with constriction of skin blood vessels Excrete sweat, urea and lactic acid |
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What is the outermost part of the skin?
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epidermis
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What two layers make unp majority of the epidermis?
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starutum corneum
cellular starutm |
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What is the funciton of Starteum Corneum?
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Protect the body against harmful environment and restrict water loss
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What is the function of Cellular Startum
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which the keratin cell are synthesized
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What lies beneath the cellular statum and connects the epdiermis to the dermis?
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basement membrane
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What consists of the startum corneuem?
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closely packed, dead squamous cells than contain waterproofing protein kertain
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Where are the kertain cells formed?
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in the deepest sublayre of the cellular startum...STARTUM Germinativum
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What happes to the kertainocytes as they make their way thorugh the surface of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum to replace the cells in the stratum corneum?
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they start to mature as they move up
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What is contained inside the stratum germinativum?
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melanocytes, the cells that syntheized melanin, which gives skin its color
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Where can stratum lucidum be found?
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only in the thicker skin of palms and soles and lies below the stratum corneum
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What constitutes the layer of the dermis?
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it is richly vascular connective tissue
supports and seperates the epidermis formteh cutaneous adipose tissue |
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What gives the dermis its resilience , strength, and stability?
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Elastin
collagen reticulum fibers |
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What else is found in the dermis layer that provide sensations of pain, touch and temperature?
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Sensory nerve fibers giving it a complex network
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A subcutaneous layer that connects the dermis to underlying organs and is filled with fatty cells?
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hypodermis
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Adipose layer...functions are?
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generate heat
provide insulation shock absorption reserve of calories |
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Epidermis invaginates into the dermis at myriad points form the following appendeages?
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eccrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands hair nails |
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What is the function of the eccrine glands?
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open directly into the surface of skin to regulate body temperature thorugh water secertion
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Glands are distrubed thorugh out the body, except what areas?
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lips
eardrums nail beds inner surgace of prepuse glans penis |
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Aprocine glands are found only where in the body?
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axillae,
nipples areolae anogential area eyelids external ears |
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What contributes to the body odor of humans?
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Bacterial decomposition of apocrine sweat glands in blacks and whites
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What is the function of sebaceous glands?
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secrete sebum...lipid-rich substance that keeps the skin and hair from drying out
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What consists of a hair follicle?
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root
shaft follicle |
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What supplies the nourishment to the hair for growth?
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papilla, a loop of capillaries at the base
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Adults have two kinds of hair?
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vellus hair
terminal hair |
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Describe vellus hair?
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short
fine soft nonpigmented |
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Describe terminal hari?
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coarse
longer thicker usually pigmented |
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What are the cyclic changes of hair?
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Anagen (growth)
catagen (atrophy) telogen (rest) |
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This mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis, covers the infant's body at birth?
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Vernix caseosa
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On the back and shoulder of a infant there is a fine, silky hair called?
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Lanugo
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What does the eccrine sweat glands starte for a infant?
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after the first month of life;
while the apocrine function hasn't started |
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Nevi occur more often in what type of patient?
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lighter-skinned individuals
blacks have the fewest |
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What is the thought process of the development of Nevi?
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thought to result from long-term sun exposure
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Sharp, oval or ciruclar; depigmented halo around mole; may undergo many morphologic changes
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Halo nevus
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What are the feartures of a Intradermal neveus?
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dome; shaped raised flesh to black color
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Flat or slightly elevated; dark brown
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Junction nevus
Nevus cells lining dermoepidermal junction (should be removed if repeated trauma) |
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Slightly elevated brownish papule
Indistinct border |
compound nevus
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Hariy Nevus
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May be present at birth
may cover large area |
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What are some common features to look for during moles inspection?
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Color
shape surface size number location |
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Color hues in dark-skinned person are best seen where?
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Sclera
conjunctiva buccal mucosa tongue lips nail beds palms |
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What are some characteristics of a dark skinner person we need to beaware of?
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Palms and soles lighter in color
Freckleing of the buccal cavity, gums and tongue are common Sclera my appear yelliosh brown "muddy" Contain brownish pigment looks like petechiae Bluish hue of lips and gums may give a false impression of cyanosis |
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Pale, shiny skin of the lower extermities may reflect peripheal changes that occur with systemic disease such as?
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DM
CVD |
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What can cause localized hemorrhage into cutaneous tissues, producing red-purple discolorations?
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INjury
steriods vasculitis several systemic disorders |
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If discoloration is smaller than .5 cm in diameter it would be called what instead of ecchymoses?
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petechiae
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A red central body with radiating spiderlike legs tha blanch with pressure to the central body?
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Spider angioma
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What causes Spider angioma?
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liver dz
Vit B deficiency idiopathic |
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Bluish star, linear or irregularly shaped; does not blanch with pressure?
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Venous star
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Causes of venous star?
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Increased pressure in the superficial veins
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Fine Irregualar red lines/ caused by Dilation of capillaries?
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Telaniectasia
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It is red irregular manular patch, which is caused by dilation of dermal capillaries?
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Capillary hemangioma
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What causes Petechiae?
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Intravascular defects, infection
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REd-purple blanchable discoloration of variable size, and is caused by vascular wall destruction trauma?
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Ecchymoses
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Skin may have odors suggesting a variety of problems..what are they?
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infections
metabolic neurologic |
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Clostridium gas gangren gives off what type of oder?
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rotten apples
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Psudomonas infection (especially burns)
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Grapelike
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What type of odor is given off by Tuberculous lymphadentits (scrofular)
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Stale beer
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What would a person with Mercury poisoning look like?
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patent presents with a generlized red flush or a widespread miliarial rash, really does not feel well and is sweating profusely
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Hyperkeratoses, especially the palms and soles, may be the sign of what?
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systemic disorder such as:
Areseic Toxic exposure |
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What are some connective tissue diseases that affect skin mobility?
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Sclerodema
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A flat, circumscribed area that is change in the color of the skin: < 1 cm in diameter?
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Macule
(freckles, flat moles) |
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Elevated, firm, circumscribed area: < than 1 cm in damter?
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Papule (wart) elevated moles
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What is a Patch?
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flat, nonpalpable irregular shaped macule > than 1 cm diameter
(vitiligo) cafe au lait patch |
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Is elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface > than 1 cm
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Plaque (Psoriasis, Seborrheic and actinic keratoses)
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Elevated irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema:
Solid transient variable diameter? |
Wheal (insect bite)
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Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis that papule 1-2 cm in diameter?
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Nodule (erythema nodosum)
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What is characistics of a Tumor?
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elevated and solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in the dermis greater than 2 cm
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Elevated, circumscribed, SUPERFICIAL, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid < than 1 cm
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Varicella (chickenpox)
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Describe a Bulla (blister, pemphigus vulgaris)?
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vesicle > than 1 cm
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What is a pustule?
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Elevated superfical lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with Purulent fluid
(impetigo, acne) |
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Encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-soild material?
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Cyst (sebaceous cyst)
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Flaking of skin; keratinized cells flaky skin; irregular thick or thin; dry or oily
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Scale
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Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching or skin irriation; often involoves flexor surface?
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Lichenification (chronic dermiatitis)
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Progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound?
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Keloid
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Thin or thick fiborus tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to dermis?
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SCAR
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Loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted areas?
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Excoriation (abrasion)
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Linear crack or break from the epidermis?
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Fissure (athlete's foot)
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Loss of part of the epidermis; depressed moist, glistening, follows rupture of a vesicle
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Erosion
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Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size?
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Ulcer (Decubiti, stasis ulers)
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What is example of localized skin lesions?
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Impetigo
herpes simplex |
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Examples of regional skin lesions?
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Acne vulgaris
Herpes zoster (nerve dermatomal) psorisis |
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Examples of Generalized skin lesions that are widel distributed or in numerous areas?
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Urticaria
disseminated drug eruptions |
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Examples of oval shape skin lesions?
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Pityriasis rosea
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What type of skin lesion follows a nerve or segment of the body?
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herpes zoster (Zosteriform)
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Examples of interlocking or coalesced circles (Polycyclic)
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Psoriases
Urticaria |
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What pattern does contact derm have?
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linear
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What is characteristics of Erythema multiforme?
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Iris Target lesion
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Examples of snakelike or wavy line track?
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Cutanea larva migrans
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Morbilliform; maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body?
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Measles , roseloa
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Example of discrete skin lesions with well demarcated or defined, able to dra a line around it?
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Psorisasis
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Description of Active skin lesions?
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Margin or lesion show greater activity than center
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Example of irregular, nonsmooth, or notched margin?
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Malignant melanoma
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Example of Advancing and expanding at margins type skin lesions?
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cellulitis
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Example of Desquamation skin lesions?
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Rash or toxic shock syndrome
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What is Keratotic?
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Hypertrophich startum corneum (calluses)
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What is Hirsutism?
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in women; growth of terminal hair in a male distrubution pattern on the face, body, pubic area
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Hirsutism by itself associated with other signs of virilization, may be sign of what disorder?
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Endocrine
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Pigemented bands sudden appearance in whites could be an indication of what ?
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melanoma
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Yellow discoloration occurs with several nail disease inculding?
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Psoriasis
fungal infections May also occurs with chronic Respiratory disease |
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Generalized blue nails may be caused by what conditions that produce cyanosis?
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asthma
cardiac disorders severe anemia |
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Other causes of blue nails include what conditions?
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silver poisoning
medication side effects Wilson disease |
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What is it meant by anonychia?
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complet absensce of nail
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Depressions that occur in all the nails are usually a response to systemic disease such as?
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syphilis
disorders producing high fevers periphearl vascular disease uncontrolled DM |
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Pitting is seen most commoly in what condition?
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Psoriasis
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What angle should the nail base be?
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160 degrees
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In clubbing, the angle increase to what degree?
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180
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Clubbing is associated with what type of diseases?
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respiratory
cardiovascular cirrhosis colitis thyorid |
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Stage 1 of decubitus ulcers?
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skin red but not broken
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Stage II of decubitus ulcers?
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Damage through epidermis and dermis
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Stage III of Decubitus Ulcers?
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Damage through to subcutaneous tissue
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Stage IV of Decubitus Ulcers?
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Muslce and possible bone involvment
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Most common inflammatory skin disorder?
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Eczematous dermatitis
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Palpate the hair for texture, while at the same time inspecting if for what?
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color
distribution quantity |
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Palpating the hair for dryness and brittlenss could indicate what?
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systemi disorder
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What do you look for during nail inspection?
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Color
lenght configuration symmetry cleanilness |
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Pigment deposits or bands may be present in the nail beds of what type of person?
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dark skin
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Bands in whites may indicate what?
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melanoma
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Yellow discoloration occurs with several nail disease, including?
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psoriasis
fungal infections may also occur with chronic respiratory diseases |
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What is the term for complete absence of the nail?
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anonychia
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Longitudinal ridges and grooves may also occur how in the nail?
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lichen planus
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Transverse grooves result from what?
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repeated injury to the nail, usually the thumb
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Most common cause is picking the thumb with the index finger called?
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habit-tic deformity
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Pitting is seen most commonly with what condiction?
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psoriasis
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Flat or slightly elevated, circumscribed painful lesions with smooth, hard surface.
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Corns
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Supercicial area of hyperderatosis is called?
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callus
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Most common inflammatory skin disorder is what?
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eczematous dermatitis
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