Chapter 8--Skeletal System

Front 1

The appendicular skeleton consists of:

Back 1

The upper and lower limbs and the girdles by which they are attached.

Front 2

Girdle means:

Back 2

A belt or a zone.

Front 3

What are the 2 zones?

Back 3

Pectoral and Pelvic, where the limbs are attached to the body.

Front 4

Pectoral Girdle is also known as:

Back 4

A shoulder girdle

Front 5

The pectoral girdle is composed of what 4 parts?

Back 5

Two clavicles (collarbones) and 2 scapulae (shoulder blades).

Front 6

The pectoral girdle is an ____ ring.

Back 6

Incomplete

Front 7

The pectoral girdle supports:

Back 7

The upper limbs and is an attachment for several muscles that move them.

Front 8

Slender rodlike bones with elongated S-shapes

Back 8

Clavicles

Front 9

They are located at the base of the neck and run horizontally between the sternum and shoulder blades.

Back 9

Clavicle

Front 10

The sternal end of the clavical articulates with the:

Back 10

Manbruim

Front 11

The acromial end of the clavicle join processes of the

Back 11

Scapula

Front 12

The clavical is structurally:

Back 12

Weak

Front 13

If the clavical is compressed lengthwise due to pressure:

Back 13

It is likely to fracture.

Front 14

Broad, somewhat triangular bones, located on either side of the upper back.

Back 14

Scapulae

Front 15

The posterior surface of each scapula is divided by a:

Back 15

Spine

Front 16

Above the spine is the __ __.

Back 16

Supraspinous Fossa

Front 17

Below the spine is the __ __.

Back 17

Infraspinous Fossa

Front 18

Fossa=

Back 18

Depression

Front 19

Forms the tip of the shoulder:

Back 19

Acromion Process

Front 20

Curves anteriorly and inferiorly to the clavicle:

Back 20

Coracoid process

Front 21

What are the 3 childhood bones?

Back 21

Illium, Ischium and pubis.

Front 22

Skull, hyloid bone,vertebral column, sternum and ribs are:

Back 22

Part of the axial skeleton

Front 23

Extends from the skull to the pelvis and forms the vertical axis of the skeleton:

Back 23

Vertebral column

Front 24

Supports the head and trunk and protects the spinal cord:

Back 24

Vertebral column

Front 25

The adult vertebral column has how many bones?

Back 25

26 bones

Front 26

Normally, the vertebral column has how many curvatures?

Back 26

4

Front 27

What are the 2 primary curves?

Back 27

Thoracic and pelvic curvature

Front 28

What are the 2 secondary curves?

Back 28

Cervical and lumbar curvature

Front 29

These disks cushion and soften such movements as walking and jumping:

Back 29

Intervertebral disks

Front 30

Projecting posteriorly from each vertebral body which form the sides of the vertebral foramen are called:

Back 30

pedicles

Front 31

Two plates that arise from the pedicles and fuse in the back to form the spinous process:

Back 31

Laminae

Front 32

Between the pedicles and laminae of a typicle vertebra is a:

Back 32

Transverse process

Front 33

What is attached to the dorsal spinous process and the transverse process?

Back 33

Various ligaments and muscles.

Front 34

Seven comprise the bony axis of the neck:

Back 34

Cervical vertebrae

Front 35

The smallest of the vertebrae, but their bone tissue is denser than those in any other region:

Back 35

Cervical vertebra

Front 36

They have transverse foramina which are passageways for arteries leading to the brain:

Back 36

Transverse process

Front 37

Which 2 vertebrae are uniquely forked to provide attachment for muscles?

Back 37

#2 and #6.

Front 38

What supports the head?

Back 38

The first vertebrae (or atlas).

Front 39

Has practically no body or spine and appears as a bony ring with 2 transverse processes:

Back 39

The first vertebra (or atlas).

Front 40

On the superior surface, the atlas has 2 kidney shaped___ which articulate with the ___ ___.

Back 40

Facets

Occipital Condyles

Front 41

The second cervical vertebra (or axis) bears a tooth-like ___ on its body.

Back 41

Dens

Front 42

Dens are also referred to as:

Back 42

Odontoid process

Front 43

Twelve in number and larger than the cervical vertebrae:

Back 43

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 44

Has a long, pointed spinous process which slopes downward, facets on its side and articulates with a rib:

Back 44

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 45

Moving inferiorly, they increase in size and are adapted to bear increasing loads of body weight:

Back 45

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 46

Five in number in the small of the back, support more weight than superior vertebrae and have larger, stonger bodies:

Back 46

Lumbar vertebrae

Front 47

Triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column:

Back 47

Sacrum

Front 48

Its composed of 5 vertebrae that develope separately but gradually fuse between ages 18 to 30:

Back 48

Sacrum

Front 49

Spinous processes of these fused bones form a ridge of tubercles called the:

Back 49

Median sacral crest

Front 50

Nerves and blood vessels pass thru rows of openings called:

Back 50

Dorsal sacral foramina

Front 51

Forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity:

Back 51

Sacrum

Front 52

The lowest part of the vertebral column, usually composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse by the 25th year.

Back 52

Coccyx

Front 53

How many ribs do you have?

Back 53

24 or 12 pairs

Front 54

One pair is attached to each of the twelve thoracic vertebrae:

Back 54

Ribs

Front 55

The first 7 ribs are called:

Back 55

True ribs

Front 56

The remaining 5 ribs are called:

Back 56

False ribs

Front 57

The last 2 ribs have no attachment to the sternum and are called:

Back 57

Floating ribs

Front 58

Breastbone is also called:

Back 58

Sternum

Front 59

Located along the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage:

Back 59

Sternum

Front 60

The manubrium, a middle body and a lower xiphoid proceess belongs to what?

Back 60

The sternum

Front 61

The body of the sternum is also known as the:

Back 61

Gladiolus

Front 62

On the head of the scapula between the processes is a depression called the:

Back 62

Glenoid Cavity

Front 63

Glenoid cavity=

Back 63

Glenoid fossa

Front 64

The bones of the upper limb form the framework of the:

Back 64

Arm, forearm and hand

Front 65

Provide attachment for muscles and function as levers that move limb parts:

Back 65

Bones of the upper limbs

Front 66

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges are from what area?

Back 66

The upper imb

Front 67

A long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow:

Back 67

Humerus

Front 68

Has a rounded head that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula:

Back 68

Humerus

Front 69

What provides attachment for muscles that move the upper limb at the shoulder?

Back 69

Tubercles

Front 70

A narrow furrow which a tendon passes from a muscle in the arm to the shoulder:

Back 70

Intertubercular groove

Front 71

This narrow depression along the lower margin of the head that separates it from the tubercles of the humerus:

Back 71

Anatomical neck

Front 72

Just below the head and the tubercles of the humerus is a tapering region called the:

Back 72

Surgical neck

Front 73

Provides an attachment for the deltoid muscle that raises the upper limb horizontally to the side:

Back 73

Deltoid tuberosity

Front 74

At the lower end of the humerus are 2 smooth:

Back 74

Condyles

Front 75

The ___ articulates with the radius at the elbow:

Back 75

Capitulum

Front 76

The ___ joins the ulna:

Back 76

Trochlea

Front 77

Provide attachments for muscles and ligaments of the elbow:

Back 77

Epicondyles

Front 78

Receives a process of the ulna when the elbow bends:

Back 78

Coronoid fossa

Front 79

Receives an olecranon process when the upper limb straightens at the elbow:

Back 79

Olecranon fossa

Front 80

Located on the thumbside of the forearm and is somewhat shorter than its companion:

Back 80

Radius

Front 81

On the radial shaft just below the head is a process called the:

Back 81

radial tuberosity

Front 82

A lateral ___ ___ provides attachments for ligamants of the wrist:

Back 82

Styloid process

Front 83

Longer than the radius and overlaps the end of the humerus posteriorly:

Back 83

Ulna

Front 84

At its proximal end, the ulna has an opening that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus:

Back 84

Trochlea notch

Front 85

Consists of 8 carpal bones that are firmly bound in 2 rows of 4 each:

Back 85

The skeleton of the wrist

Front 86

The resulting compact mass is a:

Back 86

Carpus

Front 87

___ ___ bones one in line with each finger, for the framework with the palm.

Back 87

Five metacarpal

Front 88

Articulate proximally with the carpals and distally with the phalanges:

Back 88

Metacarpals

Front 89

The phalanges are the:

Back 89

finger bones

Front 90

There are how many phalanges are in each finger?

Back 90

3

Front 91

What are the names of the 3 phalanges?

Back 91

Proximal, middle and distal

Front 92

There are how many phalanges in the thumb?

Back 92

2

Front 93

What bone does the thumb lack?

Back 93

A middle phalanx

Front 94

Each hand has how many finger bones?

Back 94

14

Front 95

The pelvic girdle consists of:

Back 95

2 coxae (hipbones)

Front 96

What 3 things shapes the pelvis?

Back 96

Sacrum, coccyx and the pelvic girdle

Front 97

Supports the trunk of the body, provides attachment for lower limbs and also protects some internal organs:

Back 97

Pelvic girdle

Front 98

The ilium, ishium and pubis=

Back 98

Coxae (hipbones)

Front 99

How many bones form the coxae (hipbones)?

Back 99

3

Front 100

The largest and most superior portion of the coxa:

Back 100

Ilium

Front 101

The prominence of the hip is called the:

Back 101

Iliac crest

Front 102

What is an important anatomical "landmark" to find the correct location for giving injections?

Back 102

The anterior superior iliac spine

Front 103

On the posterior side of the ilium. A number of nerves and blood vessels pass thru it:

Back 103

The greater sciatic notch

Front 104

This joint receives most of the weight of the upper body and is strongly supported by ligaments:

Back 104

Sacroiliac joint

Front 105

Forms the lowest part of the coxa:

Back 105

Ischium

Front 106

Provides attachments for ligaments and lower limb muscles. Also supports the weight of the body while sitting:

Back 106

Ischial tuberosity

Front 107

Is used as a guide to determine pelvis size:

Back 107

Ischial spine

Front 108

Anterior portion of the coxa:

Back 108

Pubis

Front 109

The 2 bones that come together at the midline of the pubis to form a joint is called:

Back 109

Symphysis pubis

Front 110

The bones below the symphysis pubis is the:

Back 110

Pubic arch

Front 111

This separates the lower pelvis from the upper pelvis:

Back 111

Pelvic brim

Front 112

What is superior to the pelvic brim?

Back 112

The false (or greater) pelvis

Front 113

What is inferior to the pelvic brim and completely surrounded by bone?

Back 113

The true pelvis

Front 114

The superior opening of the true pelvis is the:

Back 114

Pelvic inlet

Front 115

The ischial spines, tuberosities and coccyx is the ___ ___.

Back 115

Pelvic outlet

Front 116

What is the region during childbirth that the baby must pass?

Back 116

The true pelvis (lesser)

Front 117

Bones are lighter and thinner, the pubic arch has a wider angle and the pelvic inlet is heartshaped instead of oval:

Back 117

The difference between the male and female pelvis

Front 118

Thighbone=

Back 118

Femur

Front 119

The longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee:

Back 119

Femur

Front 120

These processes provide attachments for muscles of the lower limbs and buttocks:

Back 120

Greater trochanter and Lesser trochanter

Front 121

Kneecap=

Back 121

patella

Front 122

It functions in lever actions associated with lower limb movements:

Back 122

Patella

Front 123

Shin bone=

Back 123

Tibia

Front 124

Larger of the 2 leg bones and is located on the medial side:

Back 124

Tibia

Front 125

Medial malleolus=

Back 125

An attachment for ligaments

Front 126

Long, slender bone located on the lateral side of the tibia:

Back 126

Fibula

Front 127

The foot is made up of what 3 things?

Back 127

Ankle, instep and the toes

Front 128

The tarsus (ankle) is composed of how many bones?

Back 128

7 tarsal bones

Front 129

Calcaneus=

Back 129

Heel bone

Front 130

Which is the largest of the tarsals?

Back 130

Calcaneus (heel bone)

Front 131

Instep=

Back 131

Metatarsals

Front 132

The instep consists of how many bones?

Back 132

5

Front 133

What extends from the heel to the toe?

Back 133

Longitudinal arch

Front 134

Provides a stable, springy base for the body:

Back 134

Longitudinal arch

Front 135

Phalanges=

Back 135

Toes

Front 136

The toe has the same phalanges as the fingers:

Back 136

Proximal, middle and distal

Front 137

The great toe has how many phalanges?

Back 137

2. The same as the thumb. It lacks the middle phalanx

Front 138

What are 3 abnormal spine curvatures:

Back 138

Kyphosis, Lordosis and Scoliosis

Front 139

The spine curves backward abnormally, usually at the thoracic level causing a hunchback:

Back 139

Kyphosis

Front 140

Known as swayback. Is a forward curvature in the spine:

Back 140

Lordosis

Front 141

The most common spinal curvature. A lateral curvature.

Back 141

Scoliosis

Front 142

Caused by an uneven leg length or poor posture:

Back 142

Functional or Postural scoliosis

Front 143

Can be caused by birth defects, polio and MS

Back 143

Structural scoliosis

Front 144

The most common form of structural scoliosis is ___, because its cause is unknown:

Back 144

Idiopathic

Front 145

Is part of the abdominal cavity:

Back 145

The false cavity

Front 146

Supports the abdominal viscera:

Back 146

The false cavity

Front 147

An insufficent amount of vitamin D can cause:

Back 147

Ricketts

Front 148

Causes reduced mineral absorbtion of the bone matrix=bowed bones & inflamed joints.

Back 148

Ricketts