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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is social psychology?
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How other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions, and how we influence others as well.
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What are the two main attributions? Describe them with an example.
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Dispositional: behavior stems from internal cuase such as personal characteristics. i.e. I'm a shy person.
Situational: behavior stems from external causes. i.e. The teacher just plain sucks @ss... |
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What is the fundamental attribution error?
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Misjudging causes of other's behaviors as due to dispositional causes rather then situational ones MEANING blaming a person's misfortune on the fact that part of their personality must be flawed. i.e. they failed the test because they are stupid.
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What is the self-serving bias?
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Taking credit for our successes and externalizing our failures MEANING when succuessful, using dispositional attribution and when there is failure, using situational attribution.
i.e. I got an A because I'm smart... I got an F because the teacher made the test hard |
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How can attitude lead to learning a behavior?
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Attitude leads to cognitive decisions of developing beliefs (opinions), which leads to acting on the opinions, to behaving on the actions and opinions.
*NOTE: strength of attitude determines strength of behavior |
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What is cognitive dissonance?
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A feeling of discomfort caused by a conflicion between attitude and behavior or between two attitudes that often leads to tension/anxiety.
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What is prejudice?
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Learned attitude toward members of a group which include the ccomponents of stereotype, feelings, and behavioral tendencies (discrimination).
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An African American is denied a job because the owner of a business is prejudiced. Is this a case of prejudice? is this a case of discrimination?
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Yes; Yes
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An African American is denied a job because the owner of a business fears white customers won't buy from a black person. Is this prejudice? Is this discrimination?
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No; Yes
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An African American is given a job because the owner hopes to attract African American customers to his store. Is this prejudice? Is this discrimination?
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Yes; No
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An African American is given a job because he is most qualified for the position. Is this prejudice? Is this discrimination?
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No; No
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What are the 4 major sources of prejudice?
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1) Learned response
2) Mental shortcuts (Outgroup Homogeneity Effect ~ people not like you all look the same) 3) Economic and political competition 4) Displaced aggression |
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What is the difference between conformity and obedience?
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conformity: changing behaviors (real or imagined pressures) to "fit in"
Obedience: following direct commands from an authority figure (usually fear of punishment) |
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Describe the movie clip concerning Asch's Conformity Study.
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*Participants were asked to select a line closest to the length of the line X
*Confederates gave obviously wrong answers and subjects had the option to conform to the wrong answer or stick to the right answer. *More then one third conformed with the wrong answer *When put into pairs, conforming decreased drastically |
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Why do people conform? Give three detailed reasons.
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1) Normative Social Influence: need for acceptance/approval
2) Informational Social Influence: need for direction i.e. teacher and student 3) Reference groups: wanting to be like the people we like and hang out with |
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Describe the video clip concerning Milgram's study?
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*"Teachers" were ordered to give shocks to "students" supposedly studying the effects of punishment on memory and learning
*Students were confederates and teachers were participants *65% of participants delivered highest level of shock to the "learners" |
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What (4) factors influenced the level of obiedience of the teachers?
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1) Closeness/Legitimacy of the authority figure instructing the teacher on what to do
2) Victim not in the same room 3) Dissplacement of responsibility ("I'm just a participant following orders...") 4) Modeling and imitation |
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What is group polarization?
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Movement toward a certain extreme behavior depending on the members' initial dominant tendency MEANING taking actions strongly toward one direction or the other.
NOTE: over time, the extremity of the actions will begin subside, changing over time |
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What is group think?
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Faulty decision making that occurs when a highly cohesive gropu strives for agreement to avoid conflict MEANING going along with the groups overall decision tendencies.
i.e. A republican only voting for republicans |
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What is altruism and what are the two possible reasons why someone displays this?
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* Helping others with no benefit to the one that is doing the helping
1) Egotistic: We help to reduce the stress the person puts on us 2) Empathy: We help because we have compassion for the other person. |
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Describe the clip concerning the diffusion of responsibility.
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*A confederate walked along a busy city street pick-pocketing another confederate waiting for a bus
*Many people saw the pick-pocket take place, yet VERY few people did anything to stop it from happening *Classic example of the bystander effect |
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How do we increase helping?
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1) Reduce ambiguity of the situation (create a scene to attract attention)
2) Increase societal rewards (i.e.- offer money) |
