Chapter 8 Power And Politics

Front 1

Define Power

Back 1

Power refers to a capacity that A influence the behavior of B so that B acts in acordance with A wishes

Front 2

The function of dependence

Back 2

The greater B's dependence on A the greater A's power in the relationship. dependence in turn is based on Alternatives that B perceives and the importance that B places on the Alternatives that A controls. A person can have power over you only if he or she control something you desire.

Front 3

Formal Power

Back 3

Formal power is based on an individual's position in an organization. it can come from the ability to coerce or reward or from formal Authority.

Front 4

Coercive power

Back 4

Coercive power depends on fear of the negative results that might occur if one fails to comply. Power that is based on fear. it rests on the application or the threat of application of physical sanction such as infliction of pain the generation of frustration through restriction of movement or the controlling by force of basic psychological safety needs.

Front 5

Reward power

Back 5

Power that achieves compliance based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable.

People will go along with the wishes or directors of another if so produces positive benefits there for someone who can distribute rewards that others view as valuable will have power over those others.

Front 6

Legitimate power

Back 6

In formal groups and organizations probably the most frequent access to one or more of the basis of powers is through a person structural position. It represents the power a person perceives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization.

Front 7

Personal power

Back 7

Many of the most competent and productive chip designers a toronto-based celestica have power but they are managers and have no formal power. what they have is personal power which comes from an individual's unique characteristics there are two bases of power expertise and the respect and admiration of others.

Front 8

Expert power

Back 8

Expert power is influenced based on expertise, special skills, or knowledge. expertise has become one of the most powerful sources of influence as the world has become more technologically oriented.

Front 9

Referent power

Back 9

Referent power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person. Sometimes teachers and coaches have referent power because of our admiration of them. Referent power explains why celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products and commercials, such as Drake for OVO Jordan brand sneakers.

Front 10

Evaluating the bases of power

Back 10

January people will respond in one of freeways when faced with those who use power described above.

Commitment: The person is enthusiastic about request, and shows initiative and persistence in carrying it out.

Compliance: the person goes along with the request grudgingly, puts in effort, and takes little initiative in carrying out the request.

Resistance - the person is opposed to the request and tries to avoid it with such tactics as refusing, stalling, we're arguing about it.

Front 11

Exhibit 8 - 1 Continuum of responses to Powar

Back 11

Front 12

What creates dependence?

Back 12

Dependence is increased when the resource you control is important, scares, and cannot be substituted.

Importance - if Nobody wants what you have, there is no dependents. To create dependence, the things you control must be perceived as important.

Scarcity - as noted previously if something is plentiful, the possession of it will not increase your power. A resource must be perceived as scarce to create dependence.

Nonsubstitutability - the fewer substitutes there are for a resource, the more power comes from control over that resource.

Front 13

Influence tactics

Back 13

How to individuals translate their bases are power into specific, desired actions? Research has identified 9 distinct influence tactics:

1 rational persuasion - using facts and data to make logical or rational presentations of Ideas.

2. Inspirational appeals - appealing to values, ideals, and goals when making a request.

3. Consultation Dash getting others involved to support one's objectives.

4. Ingratiating - using flattery, creating Goodwill, and being friendly prior to making a request.

5. Personal appeals - appealing to loyalty and friendship when asking for something.

6. Exchange - offering favors or benefits in exchange for support.

7. Coalitions Dash getting the support of other people to provide backing when making a request.

8. Pressure - using demands, threats, and reminders to get someone to do something.

9. Legitimacy- claiming the Authority or right to make a request, or showing that it supports organizational goals or policies.

Front 14

Political skill

Back 14

The ability to influence others in such a way as to enhance one's objectives.

Front 15

Does power corrupt

Back 15

Power does appear to have crafting aspects. For example, power can lead people to place their own interest at heart of those others. Why does this happen? Interestingly, research suggests that power not only leads people to focus on their self interest because they can but also the birth dates people to focus in word, and that's come to a place greater weight on their shoulders and interest.

Power also appears to lead individuals to objectify others to see them as tools to obtain their instrumental goals, to Value relations with people's with less power, and to see relationships as more peripheral.

Front 16

Definition of empowerment

Back 16

The definition of empowerment that we use here refers to the freedom and ability of employees to make decisions and commitments. Empowerment means that employees understand how their job fits into the organization and are able to make decisions regarding job action Guided by the organization's purpose and Mission.

Hint 16

Front 17

Abuse of power

Back 17

Studies show that when someone is in a position of power he or she may be more willing to exert that power.

Front 18

Harassment in the workplace

Back 18

People who engage in harassment in the workplace are typically abusing their power position the manager employee relationship best characterizes and unequal power relationship where position power gives the manager the capacity to reward and coerce.

Front 19

Workplace bullying

Back 19

There is no clear definition of workplace bullying many of us are aware anecdotally if not personally of managers who harass employees demanding overtime without pay or excessive work formance. For some of the recent stories of workplace violence have reportedly been the result of an employee feeling intimidated at work.

Front 20

Sexual harassment

Back 20

The Supreme Court of Canada to five sexual harassment as an unwelcome behavior of sexual nature in the workplace that negatively affects the work environment or leads to adverse job-related consequences for the employee.

Front 21

Definition of political Behavior

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Political behavior in organizations as those activities that are outside ones form of roll and that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.

Front 22

Types of political activity

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-Attacking or blaming other - used to avoid responsibility for failure.

-Using information- Withholding or distortion information, particularly to hide negative information.

-Managing Impression- Bringing positive attention to oneself or taking credit for positive accomplishments of others.

- building support for ideas - making sure that others will support one's ideas before they are presented.

- praising others - making important people feel good.

-Building coalitions- Joining with other people to create a powerful group.

-Associating with influential people - building support Networks.

- trading obligations Dash doing favors for others so they will owe you favors later.

Front 23

Impression management

Back 23

The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them is called impression management