Chapter 8- Disorders Of Speech And Higher Cortical Functions

Front 1

what is aphasia

Back 1

acquired disorder of a previously intact language ability

Front 2

how is aphasia caused

Back 2

damage to the dominant hemisphere of brain

Front 3

what is dysarthria

Back 3

motor speech disorder- poor articulation

incoordination of speech muscles

Front 4

what causes dysarthria

Back 4

damage to corticobulbar pathways, brainstem or cranial nerves or NMJ

causes of the above are Strokes, myasthenia gravis

Front 5

what causes nasal speech

Back 5

weak palate

Front 6

what causes horsiness or whisper voice

Back 6

laryngitis or vocal cord paralysis

Front 7

what is dysphonia

Back 7

disorder of voice

Front 8

what is mutism

Back 8

inability or unwillingness to talk

Front 9

how is speech affected in global aphasia

Back 9

impaired

Front 10

how is speech affected in brocas aphasia

Back 10

impaired

Front 11

how is speech affected in wernickes aphasia

Back 11

fluent but paraphasic

Front 12

how is speech affected in anomic

Back 12

fluent but very poor word retrieval with naming difficulties

Front 13

how is speech affected in conduction aphasia

Back 13

fluent, but paraphasic and impaired repetition

Front 14

how is speech affected in transcortical sensory aphasia

Back 14

fluent but paraphasic

Front 15

how is naming affected in global aphasia?

Back 15

impaired

Front 16

how is naming affected in brocas aphasia

Back 16

impaired

Front 17

how is naming affected in wernickes

Back 17

impaired

Front 18

how is naming affected in conduction aphasia

Back 18

impaired!

Front 19

how is naming affected in transcortical sensory aphasia

Back 19

impaired

Front 20

how is sentence production affected in global aphasia

Back 20

absent

Front 21

how is sentence production affected in brocas aphasia

Back 21

impaired, agrammatic

Front 22

how is sentence production affected in wernickes aphasia

Back 22

structure but empty

Front 23

how is sentence production affected in anomic

Back 23

structured but impaired word finding

Front 24

how is sentence production affected in conduction aphasia

Back 24

well structured but paraphasic

Front 25

how is sentence production affected in transcortical sensory aphasia

Back 25

structure but empty

Front 26

how is comprehension affected in global aphasia

Back 26

impaired

Front 27

how is comprehension affected in brocas aphasia

Back 27

fine

Front 28

how is comprehension affected in wernickes

Back 28

bad

Front 29

how is comprehension affected in anomic

Back 29

good

Front 30

how is comprehension affected in conduction aphasia

Back 30

fine

Front 31

how is comprehension affected in transcortical sensory aphasia

Back 31

bad

Front 32

in which type of aphasia is repetition preserved?

Back 32

anomic and transcortical sensory aphasia

Front 33

what does brocas speech sound like?

Back 33

TELEGRAPHIC

Front 34

where is the lesion located- that causes impairment of brocas area

Back 34

posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus

Front 35

when are neologisms found?

Back 35

affection of wernickes area

Front 36

is the patient aware he has the disorder in wernickes?

Back 36

no

Front 37

what lesion and where cause wernickes affection

Back 37

posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus

Front 38

what lesion causes global aphasia

Back 38

infarction involving the entire territory of the middle cerebral artery (including the perirolandic region)

Front 39

what lesion and where causes conduction aphasia

Back 39

arcuate fasciculus

Front 40

where is the lesion that auses anomic aphasia

Back 40

poorly localised

Front 41

can there be aphasia of speech without aphasia of writing (agraphia) also present

Back 41

rarely

Front 42

what are the most common causes of aphasias?

Back 42

strokes

Front 43

what is apraxia

Back 43

inability to execute a purposeful movement

Front 44

what is ideomotor apraxia

Back 44

where the plan is formed in the brain but cannot be executed!

Front 45

are ideomotor apraxic individuals self sufficient?

Back 45

yes

Front 46

what is ideational apraxia

Back 46

plan of movement is absent

Front 47

are ideational apraxic people self sufficient

Back 47

no

Front 48

where are the lesions located when the apraxia is severe?

Back 48

dominant hemisphere

Front 49

what is agnosia

Back 49

inability to recognise and interpret complex sensory stimuli , actual sense is fine

Front 50

what are the 3 types of agnosia

Back 50

visual

tactile

auditory

Front 51

describe auditory agnosia

Back 51

can't recognise sounds

Front 52

describe visual agnosia

Back 52

can't recognise objects

Front 53

describe tactile agnosia

Back 53

can't recognise objects by touch

Front 54

what is autotopagnosia

Back 54

can't recognise own body part

Front 55

anosognosia

Back 55

inability to recognise ones own neurological defect

Front 56

what is neglect syndrome,

Back 56

deficient in attention to and awareness of one side of the space observed!

including ones own body

Front 57

what causes neglect syndrome?

Back 57

damage to one hemisphere of brain

Front 58

one which side do u observe neglect syndrome

Back 58

contralateral to lesion

Front 59

what is dementia

Back 59

acquired deterioration of mental function- memory, thinking, judgement, learning, mood

Front 60

abrupt onset of dementia suggests

Back 60

stroke or tumor

Front 61

insidious onset of dementia suggests what

Back 61

alzheimers

Front 62

what is mild cognitive impairment

Back 62

isolated recent memory loss- amnesia

Front 63

what is extinction syndrome?

Back 63

when the person only see the object on contralateral space when its the only object in that space!