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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do asexual and sexual forms of reproduction differ? Explain how offspring compare genetically to parents for each form. Can you think of an evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?
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Asexual-single-celled organisms such as amoebas reproduce this way and the offspring are genetic replicas of the parent also this way doesn’t involve fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
Sexual-this requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.this way involves a special type of cell division called meosis which occurs only in reproductive organs. |
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There are two kinds of eukaryotic cells. What are they? By what process is each cell made?
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Mitosis- creates body cells
Meiosis- creates sex cells |
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The production of new body cells serves a number of functions; what are they?
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the production of new body cells means that DNA is copied exactly and passed on also it means that new “daughter” cells are genetically identical.
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What are the two phases that make up the eukaryotic cell life cycle? Describe what happens to the cell in each phase. Describe what happens to the cell during each phase of mitosis.
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In the cell cycle the 2 phases are Interphase and Mitotic
In interphase is when the DNA duplicates in preperation for the mitotic phase,DNA associates with proteins in the nucleus, in preperation for division copied chromatin condenses into chromosomes Mitotic-Mitosis-> 4 phases in which poles and spindles form ,nuclear envelope breaks down ,chromosomes condenses , chromosomes spereate,the sindles break down and the nuclear envelopes form |
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DNA in a cell spends most of the time loosely organized with protein. What is DNA in this form called? During the early mitotic phase of the cell life cycle, the cell’s molecules of DNA condense into what form?
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It is called chromatin and they condense into chromosomes
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Where are chromosomes located in the cell? How many chromosomes do humans have? If each cell has two copies of each chromosome, how many total chromosomes does a body cell have?
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Humans have 23 chromosomes so 46 in total.
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How do the new daughter cells resulting from mitosis compare genetically to each other?
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New daughter cells are genetically identical
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Which genes must mutate in order for cancer to develop? Why does mutation of these genes lead to cancer?
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Cell control cycle genes mutate which is a cell that begins to divide abnormally
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What are the two kinds of tumors that result from uncontrolled cell division? Which one is more likely to be life threatening?
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The 2 kinds of tumors are bengin which can cause problems if they grow large and disrupt organs and then there is the malignant tumor which can spread to other parts of the body and if you have this kind of tumor then you are said to have cancer.
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Explain how cancer spreads in the body.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells beyond their original site through the circulatory system. Cancer cells may separate from the original tumor or secrete signal molecules that cause blood vessels to grow toward the tumor.
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What are the three classes of cancer? What options are there for treating cancer? What is the best way to protect the body from becoming diseased with cancer?
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Carcinomas-cancers that orginate in the external or internal coverings of the body such as skin
Sarcomas-are in tissues that support the body such as bone and muscle Leukemia / Lymphoma-blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow and lymp nodes |
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If cancer develops in the body, what is the best way to improve odds of surviving the cancer?
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Remove a tumor through surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy
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