Chapter 8 Bio

Front 1

What do plants use to produce food?

Back 1

Use light energy from the sun to produce food

Front 2

What ATP useful?

Back 2

The characteristics allow it to serve as the basic energy source of all cells.

Front 3

autotroph

Back 3

organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds - also called a producer

Front 4

Heterotroph

Back 4

Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes - also called a consumer

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

process by which plants and other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Front 6

Pigment

Back 6

light absorbing molecule

Front 7

chlorophyll

Back 7

principle pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms - captures light energy

Front 8

Thylakoid

Back 8

sac like photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts

Front 9

photosystem

Back 9

light collecting units of the chloroplasts

Front 10

stroma

Back 10

region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

Front 11

NADP+

Back 11

One of the carrier molecules that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Front 12

light-dependent reactions

Back 12

reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.

Front 13

ATP synthase

Back 13

large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

Front 14

Calvin cycle

Back 14

the reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to form high energy compounds such as sugars

Front 15

What did the experiments performed by van Helmot, Priestley, and Ingenhousz lead to?

Back 15

Work by other scientists who finally discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, and they also release oxygen.

Front 16

What does photosynthesis use?

Back 16

Energy of the sunlight to covert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen.

Front 17

What does photosynthesis require in addition to water and carbon dioxide?

Back 17

Light and chlorophyll, a molecule found in chloroplasts.

Front 18

What does the process of photosynthesis include?

Back 18

The light-dependent reactions, as well as the Calvin cycle.

Front 19

What doe light-dependent reactions produce?

Back 19

Oxygen gas and covert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH. The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid.

Front 20

What does the Calvin cycle use?

Back 20

ATP and NAADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars. The Calvin cycle is also known as the light-independent reactions.

Front 21

calorie

Back 21

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Front 22

glycolysis

Back 22

first step in releasing the energy of glucose in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Front 23

cellular respiration

Back 23

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Front 24

NAD+

Back 24

electron carrier involved in glycolysis

Front 25

fermentation

Back 25

process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

Front 26

anaerobic

Back 26

process that does not require oxygen

Front 27

aerobic

Back 27

process that requires oxygen

Front 28

Krebs cycle

Back 28

second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

Front 29

electron transport chain

Back 29

a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP

Front 30

What is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?

Back 30

cellular respiration

Front 31

What is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing tow molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound?

Back 31

Glycolysis

Front 32

What does glycolysis capture?

Back 32

two pairs of high-energy electrons with the carrier NAD+

Front 33

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

Back 33

No, it supplies chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

Front 34

What are the two main types of fermentation?

Back 34

alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Front 35

In the absence of oxygen, what dow yeast and a few other microorganisms use?

Back 35

Alcoholic fermentation forming ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes.

Front 36

Can animals perform alcoholic fermentation?

Back 36

No but some cells, such as human muscle cells, can covert glucose into lactic acid. This is called lactic acid fermentation.

Front 37

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Back 37

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Front 38

What does the electron transport chain do?

Back 38

It uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Front 39

What are the products of photosynthesis similar to?

Back 39

The reactants of cellular respiration. the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.