Chapter 8 Aprendamos - Atando Cabos

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Aprendamos 1

Back 1

Expressing time and purpose in the future: subjunctive in adverbial clauses

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Present subjunctive used in adverbial clauses of time and purpose when an event has not yet taken place.

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The main clause indicates that the event will take place at some point in the future.

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The following expressions introduce the subjunctive in the dependent clause when the action in the main clause refers to the future.

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Expresiones de tiempo:

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caundo

Back 4

when

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mientras (que)

Back 5

as long as, while

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tan pronto como

Back 6

as soon as

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en cuanto

Back 7

as soon as

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hasta que

Back 8

until

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después (de) que

Back 9

after

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Expresiones de Propósito

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Expressions of Purpose

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a pesar (de) que

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in spite of

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aun cuando

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even when (even though)

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aunque

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although (even if)

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de manera/modo que

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so that

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If the event has already happened or the even is a habitual action, the indicative is used.

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For example

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Ana vivía en México cuando se graduó.

past event --> indicative

Ana was living in Mexico when she graduated.

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Ana va a vivir en México cuando se gradúe.

future event --> subjunctive

Ana is going to live in Mexico when she graduates.

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Todos los días pinto en el taller hasta que los niños vuelven de la escuela.

habitual action --> indicative

Everyday I paint in the workshop until the school children come back from school.

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Trabajaré en el taller hasta que los niños vuelvan de la escuela.

future event --> subjunctive

I'll work in the workshop until the children come back from school.

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Using the subjunctive

main clause + expression of time or purpose + subjunctive (refers to future event)

If there is uncertainty in the dependent clause.

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Use of the indicative

main clause + expression of time or purpose + indicative (refers to past or habitual event)

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An acronym can help us remember what tense the verb should be in.

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Use the subjunctive if the action is not habitual or it takes place in the future.

Use the indicative form if the action is habitual or has already occurred.

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M.A.A.A.T.C.H.E.D.D.D.

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Mientras (que)
A pesar (de) que
Aun cuando
Aunque
Tan pronto como
Cuando
Hasta que
En cuanto
Después (de) que
De manera que
De modo que

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Apredamos 2

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Expressing uncertainty and condition - Subjunctive in Adverbial clauses

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a fin de que

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in order that

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a menos que

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unless

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a no ser que

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unless

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antes (de) que

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before

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con tal (de) que

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provided that

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en caso (de) que

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in case that

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para que

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so that

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siempre y cuando

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as long as

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sin que

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without

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1) These expressions introduce the subjunctive in the dependent clause.

They introduce an action that has yet to occur.

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In order to be a completed action, a certain condition must first be fulfilled.

The subjunctive is used after these expressions.

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No uses ese marco, a no ser que el cuadro sea una miniatura.

Back 32

Don't use that frame, unless the picture is a miniature.

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2) "sin que," "para que" and "antes de que" are used when there is a subject change.

A subject change signifies the subjunctive.

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Él pinta día y noche para que los frescos estén listos pronto.

-->He paints day and night so that the frescos will be ready soon.

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If there is no subject change use "sin" "para" and "antes de."

The verb following these will then be in the infinitive.

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Él pinta día y noche para terminar pronto.

--> He paints all day and night to finish soon.

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3) The imperfect subjunctive is used in an adverbial clause when the verb of the main clause refers to a past event.

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Example

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No me gustaba el arte abstracto antes de que el profesor me lo explicara.

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I didn't like abstract art before the professor explained it to me.

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Yo empecé a pintar acuarleas sin que madie me enseñara.

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I started to paint watercolors without anyone teaching me.

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To remember when to use the subjunctive remember:

E.S.C.A.P.A.A.S

Anytime one of these are present, use the subjunctive

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En caso (de) que
Sin que
Con tal (de) que
A fin de que
Para que
A menos que
A no ser que
Siempre y cuando