Chapter 8 And 9 Micro

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Can infect any site in the body

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Symptoms depend on location

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Tend to infect the skin

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Abscesses (Carbuncles)

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Boils ( furuncles)

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Staphylococcus areus

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Gram positive, sturdy organism, 20 to 50% of asymptomatic adults carry a virulent strain in the nasopharynx

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Staphyloccus areus

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Carbuncle (little coal), Staphylococcus aureus,

A large site of staphylococcal infection containing purulent matter in a deep, interconnecting subcutaneous pockets

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Skin abcesses (Staphylococcus aureus)

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Pus eventually discharges through skin

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Petty thief,

A localized suppurative (pus forming) staphylococcal skin infection originating in a gland or hair follicle

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Furuncle (Staphylococcus aureus)

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Necrosis deep in the center of the inflamed area forms a core of dead tissue that is spontaneously extruded, eventually reabsorbed or surgically removed.

BOIL

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Furuncle (Staphylococcus aureus)

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Food Poisoning

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staphylococcal enterotoxin (Staphylococcus aureus)

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Toxin that is heat stable and is formed in foods such as hand-prepared mayonnaise-containing meat salads or cream pastries

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Staphylococcal enterotoxin, food poisoning

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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The toxin is ingested and absorbed and affects the vomit reflex within 4 to 6 hrs, resolution in 8 hrs

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Staphylococcal enterotoxin, food poisoning

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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No fever

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Staphylococcal enterotoxin, food poisoning

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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Hospital required infection

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Nosocomial infections

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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Staphylococcus aureus causes

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Nosocomial infections

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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Staphylococcus aureus grows in the host and produces TSST-1, a potent toxin that induces hypotension or low blood pressure

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Toxic Shock Syndrome

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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May cause a severe, untreatable shock as a result of circulatory collapse

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Toxic Shock Syndrome

(Staphylococcus aureus)

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Usually mouth, skin and or mucous membranes

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Portals of entry/exit for Staphylococcus aureus

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Usually direct contact but may be indirect if ingested

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(Staphylococcus aureus) Modes of Transmission

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Gram positive, coccus shaped and arrange themselves in chains

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Diseases characterized by formation of pus

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Parasites of humans

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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5 to 15% of population harbors S.p. usually in the respiratory tract without symptoms

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Red rash that covers host

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Scarlet Fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Caused by erythrogenic toxin

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Scarlet Fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Minute injection of diluted erythrogenic toxin. If antitoxins are present, no skin reaction

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Dick Test. For Scarlet Fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Minute injection of antitoxin to erythrogenic toxin. If skin blances, rash is Scarlet Fever.

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Schultz-Charlton Test. For Scarlet Fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Pharungitis

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Septic Sore Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Mucous membranes of the tonsils and pharynx are red and edematous with purulent exudate

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Septic Sore Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Cervical lymph nodes may be enlarged

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Septic Sore Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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High body temp.

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Septic Sore Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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May precede rhematic fever, glomerulonephritis and erysipelas

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Septic Sore Throat (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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An infection acquired during puerperium

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Puerperal Sepsis (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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An immflamatory disease of connective tissue, joints, heart and brain with fever and pain

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Rheumatic fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hematuria and decreased urine production and edema

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Glomerulonephritis (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Usually the mouth, skin and/or mucous membranes

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Portals of entry and exit for Streptococcus pyogenes

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Either direct or indirect modes of transmission

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(Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Cause of lobar pneumonia in humans

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Produces a capsule, without the capsule the pneumococci cannot cause disease

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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No significant toxins or enzymes produced

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Gram positive that is the only one to occur in pairs

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Inhabit upper respiratory tract and only occasionally cause pneumonia

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Rarely infectious one person to the next

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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May cause infections on the brain, eat and other organs

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Spleen produces antibodies that help prevent pneumococcal infections

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Infection found in lungs

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Lobar pneumonia (Streptococcus pneimoniae )

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Causes accumulation of fluid in the alveolar sacs of the lungs

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Lobar pneumonia (Streptococcus pneimoniae )

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Death is the result of asphyxiation

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Lobar pneumonia (Streptococcus pneimoniae )

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Inflammation of the meninges

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Meningitis (Streptococcus pneimoniae )

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S.p. is the second most common cause of this disease

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Meningitis (Streptococcus pneimoniae)

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Infection of the middle ear

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Otitis Media (Streptococcus pneimoniae )

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Nose and Mouth as portal of entry

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Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Either direct or indirect contact

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Modes of transmission for Streptococcus pneimoniae

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Gram negative pyogenic cocci

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Neisseria gonorrhoea

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Cause disease and pus-related manifestations

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Neisseria gonorrhoea

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Venereal disease

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Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Sexually transmitted

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Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Infant can be infected by infected mother at birth

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gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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inflammatory reaction on the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract, particullarily urethra

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gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Characterized by pain in uriniation and during intercourse, and the discharge of pus from either the penis or the cervix in female

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gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Contracted rectally or orally

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gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Pili, AKA Fimbiae, are organelles that allow gonococcus to adhere to mucosal linings

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gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Disease of the eyes of a newborn who passes through a gonorrhea infected birth canal

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Opthalmia neonatorum (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Non-venereal disease of the urogenital organs in prepubescent females

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Vulvovaginitis (Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Infection is acquired from gonorrhea infected objects or articles from other infected females

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Vulvovaginitis ((Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Portals of entry and exit include urethra, rectum and or mouth

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(Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Direct contact sexually for gonorrhea and opthalmia

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(Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Indirect for vulvovaginitis

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(Neisseria gonorrhea)

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Meningococcal is a strict parasite of humans

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Epidemic meningitis (Neisseria Meningitis)

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Meningococcal is a term reserved for the GRAM NEGATIVE bean shaped diplococcis

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Epidemic meningitis (Neisseria Meningitis)

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Meninges refers to the lining of the brain and spinal cord

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Epidemic meningitis (Neisseria Meningitis)

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virtually any organism that passes across the blood-brain barrier may cause meningitis

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Epidemic meningitis (Neisseria Meningitis)

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Caused by Hemophilus inflienzae, Escherichia coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, stapholococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis

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Epidemic meningitis (Neisseria Meningitis)

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A condition resulting from the meningococcal organism entering the blood stream

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Meningococcemia (Neisseria Meningitis)

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Mouth and nose for portals of entry/exit

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(Neisseria Meningitis)

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Direct or indirect contact with infected carrier

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(Neisseria Meningitis)

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MOSBY: A family of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that includes both normal and pathogenic enteric microorganisms (Escherichia, Klehsiella, Proteus, Salmonella)

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Enterobacteriaceae

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TEXT: A large family of gram- negative rods that are commonly associated with growing or causing disease in the intestinal tract

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Enterobacteriaceae

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Gram- negative, bacillus-shaped and vary with regard to motility

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Enterobacteriaceae

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Salmonella (Motile)

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Enterobacteriaceae

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Shigella (not motile)

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Enterobacteriaceae

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Pathogens found in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Can live in birds and animals without morbidity

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Cause; Salmonellosis, gastroenteritis, enteric fever, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Humans acquire food infection by ingesting infected meat

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Gram negative

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Aerobic

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Non-spore forming

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Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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bacillus

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Salmonella species (Salmonella species (Enterobacteriaceae))

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Portals of entry include entry in the mouth and exit in the intestines

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Enterobacteriaceae))Salmonella species

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Source of infection in humans is usually the food contaminated by organisms obtained from animals and poultry (Meat and eggs are major sources)

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Enterobacteriaceae))Salmonella species

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Indirect contact, food, flies, fomites and fingers will transmit the organism from feces to the susceptible host

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Enterobacteriaceae))Salmonella species

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Cause shingellosis or bacillary dysentery

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Non-motile

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Gram-negative bachilli

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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More severe than Samonella caused infections

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Cause the shedding of blood, mucous and epithelial cells in the feces of the infected host

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Symptoms; abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, fever, vomiting and the presence of blood, pus or mucous in stools, tenesmus

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Portals of entry and exit: Entry: Mouth Exit: Intestines

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Shigellae are highly infectious agents that are found in water polluted with human feces and are transmitted by fecal-oral route

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Food handles with fecally-contaminated water

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Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Common member of the intestinal flora more likely to be beneficial than harmful to host

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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2 functions: surpresses growth of certain pathogens and synthesizes large quantities of vitamins

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Gram negative, obligate parasite

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Cause UTI, Infantile or summer diarrhea, neonatal meningitis, travelers diarrhea, nosocomial infant diarrhea, dysentery, appendicitis, peritonitis, gall bladder infections, septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Portals of entry: Mouth and exit: Intestines

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Modes of transmission: Ingestion of or food with fecally contaminated water

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Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Can grow in the intestines

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Translocates to the lungs

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(Enterobacteriaceae)Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Produces lobar pneumonia and upper resp. infections

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Many infections are nosocomial

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Can cause secondary infections; bacterial pneumonia, lung abscesses, septicemia, meningitis, outer ear infections, UTI, burn infections diarrhea

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Found in sewage, feces and soil

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(Enterobacteriaceae) Proteus Species

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Highly motile

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Proteus Species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Forms swarming colonies

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Proteus Species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Cause; mild case of diahrea, local skin infections of wounds and burns, UTI and destructive to kidneys

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Proteus Species (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Free-living bacteria

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Found in soil and water

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Gram negative

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Obligate aerobes

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Can thrive in distilled water (nosocomial concern)

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Produce florescent pigments (pyocyanin and florescien that kill other bacteria

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)

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Cause: Middle ear infections, UTI, Upper respiratory infection, wound infection and burn infection

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Pseudomonas or false unit (Enterobacteriaceae)