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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Photosynthesis
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Metabolic process which captures energy from sunlight, stores it in carbohydrates, sugars and starch.
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What are the three ingredients for photosynthesis?
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water, carbon dioxide and light
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What is the photosynthesis equation?
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6 CO2 + 12 H2O--->C6H1206+6 O2 + 6 H20
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What is the first pathway of photosynthesis and what does it produce?
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It's the light reaction. It produces ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH+ H+.
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What does the second pathway of photosynthesis use?
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It uses three forms. It uses ATP, NADPH + H+, and CO2 to produce sugar.
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What are the names of the three CO2 reducing pathways in the second pathway of photosynthesis?
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Calvin Cycle, C4 photosynthesis, and cassulacean acid metabolism.
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Where do the two pathways of photosynthesis proceed?
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They take place in the chloroplast.
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What is a form of electromagnetic radiation? It comes in what?
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Light, which is the source of energy that drives photosynthesis.It comes in discrete packets called photons.
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What two things are required for photons to be active?
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1) Photons must be absorbed by receptive molecules. 2) Photons must sufficient energy to perform the chemical work required.
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What are the three things that can happen when a photon and a pigment meet?
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1) It scatters or reflects. 2) There is a transmission or pass through. 3) There is excitation or absorption into the molecule.
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What are pigments?
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Molecules that absorb wavelengths in the visible range.
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What is chlorophyll a and b? Simple answer.
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They are pigments that absorb energy that is eventually used for photosynthesis.
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What happens when a pigment moves from an excited, unstable state to a ground state?
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Some of the absorbed energy is given off as heat and the rest is given off as light energy or fluorescence.
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What happens to excited chlorophyll in the reaction center?
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It acts as a reducing agent and participates in a redox reaction.
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What are the two different systems for of electrons in photosynthesis?
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1) The noncyclic electron transport produces NADPH+H+ and ATP 2) Cyclic electron transport produces only ATP
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What does noncyclic photosystem 1 used light energy to do?
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It uses light energy to reduce NADP+ to NADPH+H+
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What does noncyclic photosystem 2 use light energy to do?
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It uses light energy to oxidize water molecules, producing electrons , protons, and O2.
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Photosystems 1 & 2 complement each other, the model decribes this is what and why is called this?
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It is the Z model because the path of electrons resemble a sideways letter Z.
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What does the cyclic electron transport produce and not produce?
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It produces ATP but no NADPH.
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In summary, what does the cyclic electron flow do?
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It takes photons through the chlorophyll molecules, passing excited elecrons through a redox chain to produce ATP and some free energy as heat. Electron-deficit chlorophyll is restored and the process repeats.
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What are the two major functions of carotenoids in photosynthesis?
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1) They serve as accessory light harvesting pigments, extending the range of wavelengths over which light can drive photosynthesis (2) they act to protect the chlorophyllous pigments from the harmful photodestructive reaction which occurs in the presence of oxygen
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What is the source of ATP in photophosphorylation?
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Chemiosmosis
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What does the chlorophyll molecules do in the chloroplast?
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The produce the color.
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Where does the chlorophyll reside?
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It resides in the thylakoid membrane.
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Wat happens in the thylakoid membrane within chloroplast?
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The first step in the photosynthetic process. These are connected together by stroma in a pancake form.
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What happens in the stroma within chloroplast?
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This is the next step in the photosynthetic process after the thlakoid membrane. enzymes take the carbon from carbon dioxide and combine it with hydrogen and oxygen to make simple carbohydrate molecules
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What is the granum in the cholorplast?
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They are stacks of thylakoid.
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What does the Calvin cycle use and do?
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It uses ATP and NADPH+H+ from the light reactions to reduce CO2 to carbohydrates.
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What is the first process of the Calvin Cycle?
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Fixation of CO2, catalyzed by rubisco, produces 3PG
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What is the second process of the Calvin cycle consist of?
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Reduction of 3PG to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. These reactions involve a phosphorylation with the ATP made in the lilght reactions and a reduction using the NADPH made in the light reactions.
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What is the third process of the Calvin cycle consist of?
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regeneration of the CO2 acceptor RuBP by ATP.
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What is the product of the Calvin cycle?
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Triose phosphate. G3P. A three carbon sugar phosphate.
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Why are the products of the Calvin cycle important?
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Tjeu are the total energy yield from sunlight conversion by green plants.
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What is photorespiration?
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the process by which RuBP, (a sugar) has oxygen added to it by the main enzyme involved in photosynthesis, rubisco, instead of carbon dioxide as happens during photosynthesis. Rubisco favours carbon dioxide to oxygen, approximately 3 carboxylations occur per oxygenation. The first reaction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and phosphoglycolate (PPG), G3P re-enters the Calvin cycle and is simply converted back to RuBP
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