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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myelination |
The process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron. |
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Corpus Callosum |
A long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them. |
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Lateralization |
Literally, sidedness, referring to the specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominant for each activity. The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. |
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Perseveration |
The tendency to persevere in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time. |
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Amygdala |
A tiny brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety |
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Hippocampus |
A brain structure that is a central processor of memory, especially memory for locations. |
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Hypothalamus |
A brain area that responds to the amygdala and the hippocampus to produce hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body. |
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Injury control/ harm reduction |
practices that are aimed at anticipating, controlling, and preventing dangerous activities; these practices reflect the beliefs that accidents are not random and that injuries can be made less harmful if proper controls are in place. |
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Primary Prevention |
Actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, disease, or abuse. |
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Secondary Prevention |
Actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian. |
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Tertiary Prevention |
Actions, such as immediate and effective medical treatment, that are taken after an adverse event (such as illness or injury) occurs and that are aimed at reducing the harm or preventing disability. |
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Child Maltreatment |
Intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 years of age. |
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Child Abuse |
Deliberate action that is harmful to a child's physical, emotional, or sexual well-being. |
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Child Neglect |
Failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs. |
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Reported maltreatment |
Harm or endangerment about which someone has notified the authorities. |
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Substantiated Maltreatment |
Harm or endangerment that has been reported, investigated, and verified. |
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
An anxiety disorder that develops as a delayed reaction to having experienced or witnessed a profoundly shocking or frightening event, such as rape, war, or natural disaster. Its symptoms may include flashbacks to the event, hyperactivity and hypervigilance, displaced anger, sleeplessness, nightmares, sudden terror or anxiety, and confusion between fantasy and reality. |
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Permanency Planning |
An effort by child-welfare authorities to find a long-term living situation that will provide stability and support for a maltreated child. A goal is to avoid repeated changes of caregiver or school, which can be particularly harmful to the child. |
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Tertiary Prevention |
Adoption has been these children's salvation, particularly for 9-year-old Leah, clinging to her mother. The mother, Joan, has five adopted children. Adoption is generally better than foster care for maltreated children because it is a permanent, stable arrangement. |
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Foster Care |
A legal, publicly supported system in which a maltreated child is removed from the parents' custody and entrusted to another adult or family, which is reimbursed for expenses incurred in meeting the child's needs. |
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Kinship Care |
A form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child, usually a grandparent, becomes the approved caregiver. |
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Adoption |
A legal proceeding in which an adult or couple unrelated to a child is granted the joys and obligations of being that child's parent(s). |
