Chapter 8

Front 1

or/o

Back 1

mouth

Front 2

pharyng/o

Back 2

mouth to esophagus (pharynx)

Front 3

Gastr/o

Back 3

food broken down (stomach)

Front 4

enter/o

Back 4

main site of absorption (small intestine)

Front 5

col/o colon/o

Back 5

prepares solid waste for elimination (large intestine)

Front 6

an/o

Back 6

excretion of solid waste (anus)

Front 7

rect/o

Back 7

excretion of waste (rectum)

Front 8

proct/o

Back 8

anus and rectum

Front 9

hepat/o

Back 9

secretes enzymes (liver)

Front 10

cholecyst/o

Back 10

stores bile (gallbladder)

Front 11

pancreat/o

Back 11

secretes digestive juice (pancreas)

Front 12

gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract)

Back 12

mouth to anus

Front 13

Upper GI Tract

Back 13

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach. where digestion begins

Front 14

lower GI Tract

Back 14

Small & Large intestine, rectum, anus. End of digestion

Front 15

Oral cavity/ mouth

Back 15

lips, hard & Soft palates, salivary gland, tongue, teeth

Front 16

lips

Back 16

also known as labia, meant to keep food in.

Front 17

palate

Back 17

roof of mouth

Front 18

hard palate

Back 18

anterior portion, rugae

Front 19

rugae

Back 19

irregular ridges or folds in mucus membrane

Front 20

soft palate

Back 20

posterior portion

Front 21

uvula

Back 21

hangs, moves upward while swallowing

Front 22

tongue

Back 22

chewing, speaking, swallowing

Front 23

dorsum

Back 23

upper part of tongue (has the taste buds)

Front 24

papillae

Back 24

taste buds

Front 25

sublingual surface

Back 25

under the tongue

Front 26

lingual frenum

Back 26

attaches tongue to floor of mouth

Front 27

periodontium

Back 27

surround support and attached to the teeth

Front 28

gingiva

Back 28

gums/ mucus membrane that covers bone of dental arches

Front 29

sulcus

Back 29

space between tooth and gingiva

Front 30

dental arches

Back 30

hold teeth in postition

Front 31

maxillary arch

Back 31

upper jaw

Front 32

mandibular arch

Back 32

lower jaw

Front 33

temporomandibular joint

Back 33

tmj joint that joins arches together

Front 34

dentition

Back 34

teeth (natural)

Front 35

canines

Back 35

biting, tearing

Front 36

incisors

Back 36

front teeth biting, tearing

Front 37

premolars

Back 37

chewing

Front 38

deciduous

Back 38

teeth, primary teeth, (baby teeth), 20 teeth

Front 39

permanent teeth

Back 39

32 teeth

Front 40

occlusion

Back 40

contact between top and bottom teeth

Front 41

crown

Back 41

portion of tooth visible in mouth

Front 42

enamel

Back 42

covers teeth, hardest substance in body

Front 43

roots

Back 43

holds teeth securely in place

Front 44

cementum

Back 44

protect root

Front 45

cervix

Back 45

crown and root meet

Front 46

dentin

Back 46

bulk of tooth (most of it)

Front 47

pulp cavity

Back 47

within crown and root surrounded by dentin

Front 48

pulp

Back 48

nerves inside the tooth

Front 49

saliva

Back 49

begins digestive process, lubricates food

Front 50

analyse

Back 50

first step in chemical digestion

Front 51

salivary glands

Back 51

secretes saliva

Front 52

parotid gland

Back 52

in face, in front of each ear

Front 53

sublingual

Back 53

floor of mouth under tongue

Front 54

submandibular glands

Back 54

floor of mouth near the mandible

Front 55

deglutation

Back 55

swallowing

Front 56

epiglottis

Back 56

lid-like, controls where food and air go in the pharynx

Front 57

esophagus

Back 57

pharynx to stomach

Front 58

lower esophageal sphincter

Back 58

esophagus and stomach, muscular and ringlike, opens for food to enter and closes so food does not come back out

Front 59

regurgitating

Back 59

food coming back out

Front 60

stomach

Back 60

sac-like organ

Front 61

gastric juices

Back 61

enzymes/hydrochloric acid begins food digestion

Front 62

pyloric sphincter

Back 62

controls flow to intestine

Front 63

pylorus

Back 63

narrow passage that connects the stomach with small intestine

Front 64

small intestine

Back 64

main site where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed into blood

Front 65

duodenum

Back 65

first portion of small intestine

Front 66

jejunum

Back 66

middle portion of small intestine

Front 67

ileum

Back 67

last portion and longest portion of the small intestine

Front 68

large intestine

Back 68

small intestine to anus waste products prepare

Front 69

ilececal sphincter

Back 69

ringlike muscle that controls ileum and small intestine

Front 70

appedix

Back 70

lower portion of cecum

Front 71

colon

Back 71

4 sections

Front 72

ascending colon

Back 72

upwards

Front 73

transverse colon

Back 73

transverse along abdominal cavity

Front 74

descending colon

Back 74

down the left side

Front 75

sigmiod colon

Back 75

connects to rectum

Front 76

rectum

Back 76

portion of intestine that opens to anus

Front 77

anus

Back 77

lower opening of digestive tract

Front 78

anorectal

Back 78

anus and rectum

Front 79

liver

Back 79

hepatic, secretes bile, storage of glycogen

Front 80

glycogen

Back 80

glucose

Front 81

bilirubin

Back 81

yellow/green pigment of bile, can cause jaundice

Front 82

bile

Back 82

secreted by liver digestion of fats goes to gallbladder

Front 83

biliary tree

Back 83

channels bile is transported from liver to small intestine

Front 84

cystic duct

Back 84

bile from liver to gallbladder through common-hypatic duct

Front 85

gallbladder

Back 85

stores bile

Front 86

cholecystic

Back 86

pertaining to the gallbladder

Front 87

pancreas

Back 87

secretes pancreatic juices that aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes and sodium

Front 88

pancreatic

Back 88

pertaining to the pancreas

Front 89

pancreatic juices

Back 89

joins in common bile duct

Front 90

digestion

Back 90

process foods broken down into a form to be used

Front 91

digestive enzymes

Back 91

responsible for chemical break down of food

Front 92

nutrient

Back 92

substance necessary for normal functioning of body

Front 93

metabolism

Back 93

involved in bodies use of nutrients

Front 94

anabolism

Back 94

building up

Front 95

catabolism

Back 95

breaking down

Front 96

absorption

Back 96

completely digested nutrients transported to cells throughout the body

Front 97

villi

Back 97

finger-like projections in small intestine allow for more absorption

Front 98

lacteal

Back 98

structures of lymphatic system absorbs fat

Front 99

mastication

Back 99

chewing

Front 100

bolus

Back 100

food that has been chewed and ready to swallow

Front 101

peristalsis

Back 101

pushed food forward with wave like contractions (like toothpaste)

Front 102

chyme

Back 102

semi fluid mass of partially digested food passes out of stomach

Front 103

emulsification

Back 103

break down of fat

Front 104

feces

Back 104

waste of body (poop)

Front 105

defecation

Back 105

evacuation of large intestine (pooping)

Front 106

gut microflora

Back 106

normal bacteria in intestines

Front 107

borborygmus

Back 107

rumbling of gas movement (rumbling noise in stomach)

Front 108

flatulence

Back 108

passing gas

Front 109

bariatrics

Back 109

branch of medicine dealing with obesity

Front 110

gastroenterologist

Back 110

diagnosing and treated diseases of the stomach

Front 111

oral or maxillofacial surgeon

Back 111

surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases and repair injuries

Front 112

orthodontist

Back 112

prevents or corrects malocclusion of teeth and related features

Front 113

periodontist

Back 113

dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

Front 114

proctologist

Back 114

disorders of the colon rectum and anus

Front 115

registered dietitian

Back 115

food and nutrition

Front 116

aphthous ulcers

Back 116

canker sours, due to stress, certain foods or fever (exact cause unknown)

Front 117

ulcer

Back 117

open lesion of the skin or mucus membrane

Front 118

cheilosis

Back 118

crack-like sores at the corners of mouth

Front 119

herpes labialis

Back 119

(cold sores) causes by oral herpes

Front 120

leukoplakia

Back 120

abnormal white benign lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

Front 121

stomatitis

Back 121

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

Front 122

stomatomycosis

Back 122

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

Front 123

oral thrush

Back 123

fungal infection of the mouth that grows out of control

Front 124

trismus

Back 124

restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

Front 125

xerostomia

Back 125

excessive dry mouth

Front 126

cleft lip

Back 126

birth defect, deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

Front 127

cleft palate

Back 127

failure of the palate to close during the early developement of the fetus

Front 128

bruxism

Back 128

involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep

Front 129

dental caries

Back 129

tooth decay/cavity

Front 130

dental plaque

Back 130

forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth

Front 131

edentulous

Back 131

without teeth

Front 132

halitosis

Back 132

bad breath

Front 133

malocclusion

Back 133

deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the bottom teeth

Front 134

periodontal disease

Back 134

inflammation of the tissue that surround and support the teeth

Front 135

dental calculus

Back 135

tartar, dental plaque that has hardened

Front 136

gingivitus

Back 136

earliest stage of periodontal disease and the inflammation affects only the gums

Front 137

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitus

Back 137

abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth

Front 138

dysphagia

Back 138

difficulty swallowing

Front 139

eosinophillic esophagitis

Back 139

chronic immune system disease usually due to an allergy to certain foods

Front 140

gastroesophageal

Back 140

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Front 141

barretts esophagus

Back 141

cells in epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

Front 142

stricture

Back 142

swallowing difficulties due to scar tissue is esosphagus

Front 143

pyrosis

Back 143

heartburn

Front 144

esophageal varices

Back 144

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus