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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Energy with light is captured and used to synthesize carbohydrates |
Photosynthesis |
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During ___________, Energy from light drives the endergonic reaction while CO2 is __________ and H2O is _____________. |
Photosynthesis; Reduced; oxidized |
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Photosynthesis powers the |
Biosphere |
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Regions on the surface of Earth and atmosphere where living organisms exist |
Biosphere |
Power |
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The biosphere is largely driven by the _______________ of green plants. |
Photosynthetic power |
Cycle |
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Cells use organic molecules for energy and plants replenish those molecules using photosynthesis during the _____________ |
Energy cycle |
Levels |
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Heterotroph, Autotroph and photoautotroph are all _____________ |
Trophic levels |
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Must eat food ( organic molecules from their environment) to sustain life |
Heterotroph |
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Uses light as a source of energy; green plants, algae, Cyanobacteria |
Photoautotroph |
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Makes organic molecules from inorganic sources |
Autotroph |
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The green pigment in plant cells is |
Chlorophyll |
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The majority of photosynthesis occurs internally in leaves in the |
Mesophyll |
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Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits lead pores called |
Stomata |
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In the chloroplast, the ________ and _________ membrane are separated by _____________ space |
Inner, outer; intermembrane space |
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In chloroplasts there is a third membrane called the _______________, which contains pigment molecules |
Thylakoid membrane |
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The Thylakoid membrane is responsible for what two traits |
The membrane forms thylakoids and encloses Thylakoid lumen |
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A stack of thylakoids is |
Granum |
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The fluid filled region between the Thylakoid membrane and inner membrane is the |
Stroma |
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What are the two stages of photosynthesis? |
Light reactions and the Calvin cycle |
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_____________- reactions take place in the Thylakoid membrane and produce ATP, NADPH and O2 |
Light |
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____________ occur in the Stroma and is a reaction that harnesses light energy. |
The Calvin cycle |
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The Calvin cycle uses ________ and ________ to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrate |
ATP; NADPH |
Radiation |
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Light is a type of |
Electromagnetic radiation |
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Light travels as |
Waves |
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Light also behaves as particles called _______ |
Photons |
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What type of wavelength has more energy? |
Shorter |
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Leaves are green because they, _________________ |
Absorb red and violet and reflect green wavelengths |
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Photosynthetic pigments, ___________some light energy and _________others |
Absorb; reflect |
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Absorption of light energy boosts __________ to higher energy levels. |
Electrons |
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Wavelength of light that a pigment absorbs depends on the ____________________ needed to boost the electron to a higher orbital. |
Amount of energy |
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An excited state of an electron refers to the time after |
It absorbs energy and is usually unstable |
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Once an electron is in an excited state it releases, |
Heat or light |
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Excited electrons can be ________________ to another molecule or ______________ |
Transferred; captured |
Spectrum |
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When wavelengths are absorbed by different pigments it is know as what |
Absorption spectrum |
Spectrum |
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When the rate of photosynthesis is by the whole plant at specific wavelengths it is know as |
Action spectrum |
Molecules |
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During photosystems I and II, captured light energy can be ______________ to other molecules to produce__________________ for cellular work. |
Transferred; energy intermediate molecules |
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Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts contain two distinct complexes of molecules called, |
Photosystem I and photosystem II |
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________________ system was discovered first however, ______________ is the first step in photosynthesis |
Photosystem I; Photosystem II |
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________________ oxidizes water, generating O2 and H. It also releases energy to the ETC. |
Photosystem II |
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The primary role of Photosystem I is to make |
NADPH |
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The addition on H+ to NADP + depletes H + from the ____________ during photosynthesis ___ |
Stroma; I |
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During photosynthesis, ATP synthesis occurs in the |
Chloroplasts |
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ATP synthesis in photosynthesis is achieved by a chemiosmatic mechanism called |
Photophosphorylation |
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Photophosphorylation is driven by the flow of, _________from ____________ to _____________ |
H+; Thylakoid lumen into Stroma via ATP synthase |
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The H+ gradient is generated in three ways; H+ is __________in the Thylakoid lumen by ____________, H+ is ___________ by the ETC by __________H+ into lumen, H+ is ___________ in Stroma from formation of _______ |
Increased, splitting of water; increased by pumping; decreased, NADPH |
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What three chemical products are produced by photosynthesis, |
Oxygen O2, NADPH, ATP |
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Oxygen is produced in, ______________ by oxidation of H2O by PSII. Two electron are transferred to_______ + molecules |
Thylakoid lumen; P680 |
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NADPH is produced in the, ___________ from high energy electrons that start in PSII and are boosted to PSI. |
Stroma |
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Equation for NADPH reaction is |
(NADP+) + 2 electrons + (H+)------->> NADPH |
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ATP is produced in the ________ by ATP synthase using the __________________ |
H+ electrochemical gradient |
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During photosystem II, how much light enters? And how much during Photosystem I? |
P68O; P700 |
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Where is the H+ gradient higher and lower during photosynthesis? |
Higher inside; lower outside |
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During __________________ electrons begin at PSII and eventually transfer to NADPH, a __________________process |
Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation; linear |
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Non cyclic Photophosphorylation produces both ____________and ________________ in equal amounts. |
ATP and NADPH |
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Cyclic Photophosphorylation ( cyclic electron flow) produces, ___________. PSI electrons are excited, release energy and eventually, __________________. |
Only ATP; return to PSI |
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