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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism |
The totality of an organism's chemical reactions |
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Catabolic pathway |
Release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds |
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Anabolic pathway |
Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones |
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Energy |
Capacity to cause change |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy associated with motion |
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Thermal energy |
Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules |
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Chemical energy |
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
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Thermodynamics |
The study if energy transformation |
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Entropy |
A measure of disorder, or randomness |
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Exergonic reaction |
Proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous |
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Endergonic reaction |
Absorbs free energy from its surrounding and is nonspontaneous |
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Enzyme |
A catalytic protein |
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Catalyst |
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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Substrate |
The reactant that an enzyme acts on |
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Active site |
The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
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Cofactors |
Nonprotein enzyme helpers |
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Coenzymes |
An organic cofactor. Includes vitamins |
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Cooperativity |
A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity |
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Feedback inhibition |
The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway. Prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources by synthesizing more product than is needed |
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
The cells energy shuttle. Composed of ribose adenine and three phosphate groups |
