Chapter 8

Front 1

ovaries

Back 1

pair of almond shaped organs located in pelvic cavity. egg cells are formed and stored here

Front 2

ovum

Back 2

female egg cell

Front 3

graafian follicles

Back 3

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. each follicle contains an immune ovum. normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. it moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum which passes into the uterine tube

Front 4

uterine, or fallopian tubes

Back 4

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to uterus

Front 5

fimbria (pl. fimbriae)

Back 5

finger like projection at the free end of the uterine tube

Front 6

uterus

Back 6

pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up to the abdominal cavity. its functions are menstruation, pregnancy and labor

Front 7

endometrium

Back 7

inner lining of the uterus

Front 8

myometrium

Back 8

muscular middle layer of the uterus

Front 9

perimetrium

Back 9

outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus

Front 10

corpus, or body

Back 10

large central portion of the uterus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Front 12

cervix (Cx)

Back 12

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Front 13

vagina

Back 13

a 3 inch (7-8cm) tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Front 14

hymen

Back 14

fold of membrane found nesr the opening of the vagina

Front 15

rectouterine pouch

Back 15

cavity between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum that is closed at the inferior end

Front 16

bartholin glands

Back 16

pair of mucus producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening

Front 17

mammary glands or breasts

Back 17

pair of milk producing glands of the female. each breast consists of 15-20 divisions or lobules

Front 18

mammary papilla

Back 18

breast nipple

Front 19

areola

Back 19

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Front 20

vulva or external genitalia

Back 20

2 pairs of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina

Front 21

clitorus

Back 21

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra

Front 22

perineum

Back 22

pelvic floor in both the male and female. in females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

Front 23

adenomyosis

Back 23

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Front 24

breast cancer

Back 24

malignant tumor of the breast

Front 25

cervical cancer

Back 25

malignant tumor of the cervix. which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. its cause is linked to hpv

Front 26

endometrial cancer

Back 26

malignant tumor of the endomtrium

Front 27

endometriosis

Back 27

abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity

Front 28

fibrocystic breast condition (FCC)

Back 28

disorder characterized by benign cysts in one or both breasts. may cause discomfort

Front 29

fibroid tumor

Back 29

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

Front 30

ovarian cancer

Back 30

malignant tumor of the ovary

Front 31

pelvix inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 31

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs. can be caused by many different pathogens. if untreated the infection may spread upward from the vagina involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. an ascending infection may result in infertility and in acute casew fatal septicemia

Front 32

prolapsed uterus

Back 32

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina also called (hysteroptosis)

Front 33

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Back 33

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and inbsevere cases shock and death. usually affects menstruating women using tampons. caused by staphyloccus aureus and streptoccus pyogenes

Front 34

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 34

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

Front 35

total hysterectomy

Back 35

excision of the uterus (abdominal, vaginal or laparoscopic)

Front 36

bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 36

excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes

Front 37

radical hysterectomy

Back 37

excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes; lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surrounding tissues (abdominal)

Front 38

laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Back 38

vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 39

radical mastectomy

Back 39

removal of breast tissue, nipple, lympth nodes and underlying chest wall muscle also called halsted mastectomy

Front 40

modifies radical mastectomy

Back 40

removal of breast tissus, nipple and lympth nodes

Front 41

simple mastectomy

Back 41

removal of the breast tissue and nipple also called total mastectomy

Front 42

subutaneous mastectomy

Back 42

removal of breast tissue only, preserving the overlying skin, nipple and areola also called nipple-sparing mastectomy

Front 43

segmental mastectomy

Back 43

removal of a quadrant or wedge of breast tissue also called quadrantectomy

Front 44

lumpectomy

Back 44

removal of the cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue also called partial mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery

Front 45

anterior and posterior colporraphy (A&P repair)

Back 45

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correst a cystocele and a rectocele

Front 46

conization

Back 46

surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer also called cone biopsy

Front 47

dilation and curettage (D&C)

Back 47

surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. it is performed to diagnose disease, correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage

Front 48

endometrial ablation

Back 48

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding.

Front 49

laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery

Back 49

visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. numerous female surgeries use this

Front 50

myomectomy

Back 50

excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus

Front 51

sentinel lymph node biopsy

Back 51

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes, the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. the nodes are examined if test results are negative no more nodes are removed

Front 52

stereotactic breast biopsy

Back 52

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

Front 53

tubal ligation

Back 53

closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying also called tying of tubes

Front 54

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

Back 54

minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. first an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. once identified tiny gelatin beads about the size of grains of sand are inserted into the vessels to create blockage. the blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink

Front 55

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

Back 55

ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures. used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility

Front 56

CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker

Back 56

blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer. it is also used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease

Front 57

pap smear

Back 57

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells

Front 58

contraception

Back 58

intentional prevention of conception also called birth control (BC)

Front 59

dyspareunia

Back 59

difficult or painful intercourse

Front 60

fistula

Back 60

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Front 61

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Back 61

replacement of hormones, estrogen and/ or progesterone. to treat symptoms associated with menopause

Front 62

menopause

Back 62

cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48-53. may be induced at an earlier age surgically or medically

Front 63

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Back 63

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache

Front 64

speculum

Back 64

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection