Chapter 8

Front 1

production

Back 1

used to describe the transformation
of resources into goods and services that people need or want

Front 2

production and operations management (POM),

Back 2

or simply operations
management, refers to all the activities involved in producing a firm’s goods and
services.

Front 3

conversion process

Back 3

the sequence of events that
convert resources (or inputs) into products and services.

Front 4

analytic system

Back 4

breaks raw materials into one or more distinct products, which
may or may not resemble the original material in form and function. In
meatpacking, for example, a steer is divided into hide, bone, steaks, and so on.

Front 5

synthetic system

Back 5

combines two or more materials to form a single product. In steel
manufacturing, iron is combined with small quantities of other minerals at high
temperatures to make steel

Front 6

Mass production

Back 6

manufacturing goods in large quantities—means little or no
customization.

Front 7

Mass customization

Back 7

using mass production techniques to produce customized
goods. The company also uses batch-of-one manufacturing, in which every product
is made to order from scratch.

Front 8

five important tasks in designing an effective production process

Back 8

forecasting
demand, planning for capacity, choosing a facility location, designing a facility
layout, and scheduling work.

Front 9

production forecasts,

Back 9

estimates of future
demand for the company’s products. These estimates are then used to plan, budget,
and schedule the use of resources

Front 10

Capacity planning

Back 10

is a long-term strategic decision
that establishes the overall level of resources needed to meet customer demand.

Front 11

what are 4 types of facility layouts?

Back 11

Process (functional)
– concentrates everything needed to complete one phase of the
production process in one place
• Product (assembly line)
– the production process occurs along a line
– products move from one workstation to the next
• Cellular
– groups dissimilar machines into work centers (or cells) to process
parts that have similar shapes and processing requirements
• Fixed-Position
– labour, materials, and equipment are brought to the location where the good
is being produced or the customer is being served
– i.e.: buildings, roads, bridges, airplanes

Front 12

scheduling

Back 12

determining how long
each operation takes and setting a starting and ending time for each. A master
schedule, often called a master production schedule (MPS), is a schedule of planned
completion of items

Front 13

dispatching

Back 13

or the issuing of
work orders to department supervisors. These orders specify the work to be done
and the schedule for its completion

Front 14

Gantt chart.

Back 14

Developed by Henry L.
Gantt in the early 1900s, the Gantt chart is a bar chart showing the amount of time
required to accomplish each part of a process.

Front 15

program evaluation and review technique (PERT)

Back 15

is
helpful. It is a planning tool that helps managers identify the optimal sequencing of
activities, the expected time for project completion, and the best use of resources
within a complex project.

Front 16

To use PERT, the manager must

Back 16

• Identify activities
• Determine sequence
• Establish time frame
• Diagram activity network
• Calculate longest completion path
• Refine timing

Front 17

PERT uses four figures:what are they?

Back 17

an
optimistic estimate (if things go well), a pessimistic estimate (if they don’t go well),
a most likely estimate (how long the task usually takes), and an expected time
estimate--an average of the other three estimates.

Front 18

computer-aided design (CAD),

Back 18

the application of computer
graphics and mathematical modeling to the design of products

Front 19

computer-aided engineering (CAE),

Back 19

engineers use computer-generated
three-dimensional images and computerized calculations to test products.

Front 20

computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)

Back 20

The use of computers to control production equipment
In a CAD/CAM system, computer-aided design data are
converted automatically into processing instructions for production equipment to
manufacture the part or product.

Front 21

computerintegrated
manufacturing (CIM)

Back 21

The highest level of computerization in operations management in which all the elements of production--design,
engineering, testing, production, inspection, and materials handling--are integrated
into one automated system.

Front 22

flexible manufacturing system

Back 22

Such systems link numerous programmable machine tools by an automated
materials-handling system of conveyors known as automatic guided vehicles
(AGV’s). These driverless computer-controlled vehicles move materials from any
location on the factory floor to any other location. Changing from one product
design to another requires only a few signals from a central computer. This
flexibility saves both time and setup costs.

Front 23

lead time

Back 23

the period that elapses
between placing the supply order and receiving materials.

Front 24

what are 3 methods that companies use to control
inventory and manage the production process

Back 24

just-in-time systems, material
requirements planning, and manufacturing resource planning.

Front 25

supply-chain
management

Back 25

all of the facilities, functions, and
activities involved in the production of goods and services going from suppliers to
customers.