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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was LaSalle?
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French EXPLORER and FUR TRADER; wanted to find a NORTHWEST PASSAGE.
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Why was La Salle called the FRENCH CORONADO?
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Because of his TRAGIC DEATH.
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What was LaSalle's real name?
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ROBERT CAVALIER
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Why were there so few French in the New World at first?
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At first mostly men came TEMPORARILY for fur trading.
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How did New France get its start?
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With the founding of QUEBEC by SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN.
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Spain came to America for CONQUEST. England came to RECREATE the ENGLISH WAY OF LIFE. What was New France based on?
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TRADING (especially furs)
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Why did the French have friendly relationships with the Indians, unlike the Spanish and English.
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They were DEPENDENT ON THE INDIANS for trading and learning how to live in New France. MISSIONARIES treated Indians with RESPECT.
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Who first explored the Ohio River?
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LASALLE with the help of the SENECA INDIANS.
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Who were Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet?
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Marquette (A PRIEST) and Joliet (FUR TRADER)EXPLORED the MISSISSIPPI River for France.
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How was Louisiana formed?
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LASALLE claimed it for France and named it for KING LOUIS XVI.
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How large was Louisiana supposed to be?
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Most of the HEART of the COUNTRY: GREAT LAKES to GULF OF MEXICO, from APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS to ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
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How did LaSalle die?
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He got LOST while setting up forts on the Mississippi River and RAN OUT OF FOOD, LOST ALL BUT 1 SHIP. The small group of men who were left MURDERED HIM.
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What two areas did France end up controlling in America?
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1. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, controlled by QUEBEC & MONTREAL;
2. MOUTH OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER controlled by NEW ORLEANS. |
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Who was King Hendrick?
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TIYANOGA, leader of the MOHAWK INDIANS. Visting England, he called himself King Hendrick.
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Which Indians helped the French? Which were on the side of the English?
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FRENCH - ALGONKIAN & HURON (from St. Lawrence Valley)
ENGLISH - LEAGUE OF IROQUOIS |
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What was the LEAGUE OF THE IROQUOIS?
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Founded to STOP WARFARE among INDIAN NATIONS. 6 NATIONS: Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onodaga, Seneca & Tuscarora.
CONTROLLED ONLY EASY PASSAGE between New England and St. Lawrence Valley. |
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Why did the Iroquois League attack the Huron and other Indians?
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They had trapped all the beavers in Hudson Valley so needed to GAIN CONTROL OF THEIR NEIGHBOR'S FUR TRADE.
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Why did the French wage war on the Iroquois League?
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Iroquois EXPANSION THREATENED France's FUR TRADE.
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What wars were fought between England and their Indian allies, and France and their Indian allies to control the fur trade?
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KING WILLIAM'S WAR 1689-1697
QUEEN ANNE'S WAR - 1702 - 1713 KING GEORGE'S WAR - 1744-1748. |
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Who was Hannah Duston and what does her story illustrate?
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KIDNAPPED by Abenaki INDIANS with her BABY & NURSE. Indians KILLED BABY. Hannah & nurse ESCAPED by KILLING 4 adults, 6 children with hatchets, and SCALPING them. Shows the BRUTALITY OF THE FRONTIER.
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What shifted the power between England and France in favor of the English?
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POPULATION GROWTH of English. French = 80,000, English = 1,000,000.
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Who started the OHIO COMPANY OF VIRGINIA and why?
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English LAND SPECULATORS got a grant for half a million acres along the Ohio River.
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What was France's reaction to the Ohio Co. of VA?
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Built FORTS along the OHIO RIVER to protect their own claims.
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What was the Albany Plan of Union?
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Plan drawn up at CONFERENCE of BRITISH & INDIANS to discuss relationship. BEN FRANKLIN urged colonies to JOIN FOR THEIR MUTUAL DEFENSE. Indians (under King Hendrick) agreed.
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Why did the colonies reject the Albany Plan of Union?
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Colonists didn't want to GIVE UP POWER to a central government or PAY TAXES for joint defense.
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What was the French and Indian War about?
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BRITISH and FRENCH fought for CONTROL of AMERICA.
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What was "the Forks of the Ohio" and why was it important to control it?
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where the ALLEGHENY River and the MONONGAHELA River MEET to form the OHIO River. Whom ever controlled this location, would CONTROL ACCESS to the OHIO VALLEY.
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How did Fort Duquensne come to be built?
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The French RAN WASHINGTON'S TROOPS OUT of the Forks and TOOK OVER THE FORT they were building.
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What was Fort Necessity?
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The fort WASHINGTON built while in RETREAT FROM THE FORKS.
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What was the significance of The Battle of Fort Necessity?
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The FIRST BATTLE of the French and Indian War - the French again defeated Washington's army.
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What was the Seven Years War?
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From 1756-1763, BRITAIN and FRANCE FOUGHT in EUROPE & AMERICA. The French & Indian War was part of this larger fight.
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What were France's advantages in the French & Indian War?
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1. Controlled the INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY.
2. SINGLE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT 3. PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS sent from France. 4. Help from LOYAL INDIANS. |
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What were Britain's advantages in the War?
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1.MORE PEOPLE - bigger fighting force.
2. British colonies CONCENTRATED along Atlantic Coast so EASIER TO DEFEND. 3. Colonists were PERMANENT RESIDENTS so PASSIONATE in DEFENDING OWN LAND. |
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Why did the Iroquois abandon the English during the war?
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They figured the French were winning and wanted TO BE ON THE WINNING SIDE to have a good relationship with the victor.
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How did the French defeat General Braddock when the General made a second attempt to win back Fort Duquesne for the British?
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250 FRENCH SOLDIERS DRESSES AS INDIANS & 600 REAL INDIANS. British in RED COATS but COULDN'T SEE where the FRENCH soldiers were. Braddock LOST 2/3 of his soldiers.
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What were the major eastern waterways that were important to control?
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MISSISSIPPI, ST.LAWRENCE & HUDSON.
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What battle turned the tide for the British?
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1758 FORT CARILLON was attacked twice (by JAMES ABERCROMBY)and finally the French - under LOUIS MONTCALM - withdrew. Brits RENAMED the fort TICONDEROGA.
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How did England's Secretary of State WILLIAM PITT ensure British victory?
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He POURED VAST AMOUNTS OF MONEY AND TROOPS into the war effort.
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What were two other decisive battles that led to British victory?
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1. British captured FORTS LOUISBOURG & DUQUESNE (renamed it FORT PITT).
2. BATTLE OF QUEBEC-JAMES WOLFE vs. LOUIS MONTCALM. British discovered a HIDDEN PATH up the cliffs to Quebec in the dark of night. TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. |
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What was the Treaty of Paris?
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1763 - ENDED 7 YEARS WAR. 1. FRANCE'S LANDS lands East of Mississippi TO ENGLAND (except New Orleans);
2. SPAIN gave England FLORIDA; 3. France gave LOUISIANA to SPAIN. |
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What was Pontiac's Uprising?
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OTTAWA Indians under CHIEF PONTIAC DROVE OUT & KILLED BRITISH from OHIO VALLEY.
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Why did the Ottawa Indians become nervous about the British after the war?
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Their PROTECTORS (FRENCH) were gone and they were left with HOSTILE BRITISH.
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How did Jeffrey Amherst, British officer in charge of Indian Affairs, want to deal with the Indians?
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Make a GIFT OF BLANKETS INFECTED WITH SMALLPOX!
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Who was The Prophet and what did he advise Pontiac to do?
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RETURN to the TRADITIONAL INDIAN WAYS, stop using anything from the white world.
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How did the British finally get Pontiac to stop fighting them?
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British MET with FRANCE'S INDIAN ALLIES in 1764 to discuss peace, giving the Indians MEDALS AS SYMBOL OF PEACE.
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What was the Proclamation of 1763?
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British FORBID SETTLEMENTS WEST OF APPLACHIAN MTNS. because they were TOO DANGEROUS (and expensive to defend from Indians).
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