Chapter 8

Front 1

Most Genetic information in bacterial and archaeal cells is contained within the,______________, the cell's intacellular source of genetic information

Back 1

Chromosome

Front 2

THe chromosome exists as thread-like fibers associated with some protein and is localized in the cytosol within a space called the_________

Back 2

Nucleoid

Front 3

one of the unique features defining the nucleoid area is the absence of a surrounding _________________ typical of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Back 3

membrane envelope

Front 4

in most microbial cells, including E. Coli, the DNA occupies about_____ of the total vloume of the cell

Back 4

1/3

Front 5

a twisting and tight packing caused by a number of abundant nucleoid-associated proteins

Back 5

supercoiling

Front 6

DNA double helix twist itself like a wound-up rubber band. the coils are folded further into loops of 10,000 bases, each forming a ?

Back 6

supercoiled domain

Front 7

there are about 400 supercoiled domains in an E. Coli chromosome, giving the molecule an overall "flower" like structure called?

Back 7

looped domain structure

Front 8

stable extrachromosomal DNA elements that do not carry genetic information essential for normal structure, growth, and metabloism

Back 8

Plasmids

Front 9

plasmids exist and replicate as independent genetic elements in the cytosol where they typically contain about ______ of the total genetic information of the cell

Back 9

2 %

Front 10

plasmids are ____ essential to the survival of the cell

Back 10

not

Front 11

Most Genetic information in bacterial and archaeal cells is contained within the,______________, the cell's intacellular source of genetic information

Back 11

Chromosome

Front 12

THe chromosome exists as thread-like fibers associated with some protein and is localized in the cytosol within a space called the_________

Back 12

Nucleoid

Front 13

one of the unique features defining the nucleoid area is the absence of a surrounding _________________ typical of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Back 13

membrane envelope

Front 14

in most microbial cells, including E. Coli, the DNA occupies about_____ of the total vloume of the cell

Back 14

1/3

Front 15

a twisting and tight packing caused by a number of abundant nucleoid-associated proteins

Back 15

supercoiling

Front 16

DNA double helix twist itself like a wound-up rubber band. the coils are folded further into loops of 10,000 bases, each forming a ?

Back 16

supercoiled domain

Front 17

there are about 400 supercoiled domains in an E. Coli chromosome, giving the molecule an overall "flower" like structure called?

Back 17

looped domain structure

Front 18

stable extrachromosomal DNA elements that do not carry genetic information essential for normal structure, growth, and metabloism

Back 18

Plasmids

Front 19

plasmids exist and replicate as independent genetic elements in the cytosol where they typically contain about ______ of the total genetic information of the cell

Back 19

2 %

Front 20

plasmids are ____ essential to the survival of the cell

Back 20

not

Front 21

allow for the transfer of genetic material from donor to recipient through a recombination process

Back 21

F plasmids

Front 22

carry genes for antibotic resistance

Back 22

R plasmids

Front 23

species of ___________ carry plasmids for the production of antibiotics while plasmids in other bacteria contain genes for the production of bacteriocins

Back 23

streptomyces

Front 24

a group of proteins that inhibit or kill other bacterial species

Back 24

bacteriocins

Front 25

there are plasmids containing genes coding for _____ affecting human cells and disease processes

Back 25

toxins

Front 26

the copying of genetic material

Back 26

DNA replication

Front 27

chromosome replication requires the products of more than 20 genes and can be separated into 3 stages which are?

Back 27

initiation, elongation, termination

Front 28

when the DNA unwinds and the strands separate

Back 28

initiation

Front 29

when enzymes synthesize a new polynucleotide strand of DNA for each of the 2 old template (parental) strands

Back 29

elongation

Front 30

when each of the 2 DNA helices separate from one another

Back 30

termination

Front 31

each old strand for the replicated DNA is conserved in each new chromosome and one strand is newly synthesized

Back 31

semiconservative replication

Front 32

DNA replication starts at a fixed region on the chromosome called the ________, which is a sequence of about 250 base pairs.

Back 32

replication origin

Front 33

a group of initiator proteins binds at the origin along with other enzymes, forming 2 __________, in whihc DNA synthesis will occur

Back 33

Replication factories

Front 34

__________ unwind and unzip the two polynucleotide strands

Back 34

Helicases

Front 35

________ keep the template strands separated for the replication of complementary strands.

Back 35

stabilizing proteins

Front 36

the yet to be replicated template strands move through a V-shaped ________ in each factory

Back 36

replication fork

Front 37

besides the stabilizing protein, a _____________ moves along each strand, catalyzing the insertion of new complementary nucleotides to each strand.

Back 37

DNA polymerase III

Front 38

____________ and ___ detect any mismatched nucleotides, remove the incorrect nucleotide in the pair, and add the correct nucleotide

Back 38

DNA polymerase III and I