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164 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the percentage of US adults who are overweight or obese and what is the BMI?
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65% BMI of greater than or equal to 25
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In two decades, what has happened to the prevalence of overweight american children (ages 6-11) and teenagers
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Overweight children has doubled and overweight teenagers has tripled
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Vitamin A
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Plays a big part in eyesight, helps you see colors, healthy skin
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Vitamin B
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Important in metabolic activity: makes energy and sets it free when your body needs it
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Vitamin C
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Keeps body tissues in good shape, also helps you heal and resist infection
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Vitamin D
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strong teeth and bones, helps your body absorb calcium
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Vitamin E
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maintains body tissues(eyes, skin liver), protects the liver, red bloods cells
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Carbohydrates
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produce energy, body cells need energy for processes such as growth, repair and movement; provide immediate source of energy; found in bread, rice, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, and corn
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Fats
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making new cells, keeping internal organs safe, storing energy, making hormones; meat dairy products, nuts, vegetable oils
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Proteins
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Building blocks of all cells, essential for healthy growth and repair of body cells and tissues, cannot be stored in the body; need 80g per day, excess is broken down in the liver; milk eggs meat and cheese
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Food and Drug Administration
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Oversees all domestic and imported food (except meat and poultry) and bottled water and wine (<7% alcohol)
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Center for disease control
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oversees all foods, food-borne diseases; trains local and state food safety personnel
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US Department of agriculture
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oversees all domestic and imported meat and pountry including products containing these food; processed egg products
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Thomas Vilsac
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former governor of IOWA and current head of USDA
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Environmental Protection Agency
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Oversees drinking water
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National Oceanic and atomospheric administration
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oversees fish and seafood, seafood inspection program
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Bureau of ALcohol, tobacco, and firearms
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alcoholic beverages excluding wine
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us customs
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imported foods, safety
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Food
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products from plants or animals that can be taken into the body for energy and nutrients to sustain life and growth
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Nutrition
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the science of foods and nutrients and their actions within the body
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Nutrients
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carbohydrates, lipids/fats, minerals, proteins, vitamins, water
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From 1990-2000, how much did consumer spending on food drop
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10%
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Average annual expenditure on food and beverage consumption
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$3,882 per person per year; $73.69 per person per week; falls in between the low-cost and moderate-cost food plan
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USDA Food Plan
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serves as a national standard for nutritious diet at low cost; represents a set of "market baskets" of food that people of specific age and gender could consume at home to maintain a healthful diet that meets current dietary standards, taking into account the food consumption patterns of US households
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Proportionately, how do low-income family spending on food relate to high-income
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Low-income families spend a higher proportion on food than high-income
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How do rising food prices and sales taxes on food impact low-income vs high-income families
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greater impact on low-income families than on high-income
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How many americans (2005) are living in deep or severe poverty? what is the percentage?
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16 million, 32% high
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Severe Poverty
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defined as half of the federal poverty line, or an annual income of less than about 10,000 for a family of four and 5000 for an individual
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Poverty Guidelines
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based on poverty thresholds based on income and are used to determine if familie qualify for public assistance
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Food Stamps
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serves as the first line of defense against hunger; enables low-income families to buy nutritious food with debit cards
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Functional Foods
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have some kind of drug added
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Benecol
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substance that lowers cholesterol and is added to food
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Labels on foods must show quantities per serving of:
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calories/calories from fat, fat/saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, fiber, sugar, protein, vitamins
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Unit Pricing
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price per standard unti; helps consumers compare prices
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Open Dating
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when a product should be sold/consumer
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Pull date
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last day the product should be sold
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expiration date
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last day the product should be consumed
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quality assurance date
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last date the product is at its peak
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pack date
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date the product was manufactured/packaged
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What are the three countries with the most fast food restaurants per person?
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UK, then Australia, then United States
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Slow Food Movement
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Aka "Buy Local" movement; began in Itally and serves as a counterpoint to mass-produced fast food and over processing of foods; fresh foods produced locally are emphasize
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organicall grown foods
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grown and processed according to USDA regulations; cant be treated with synthetic pesticides; consumers prefer because feel they are more natural or that they help protect the environment
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Genetic engineering
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use of biotechnology to modify living cells
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biotechnology
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use of organisms to create of modify products
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food irradiation
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using gamma rays, X-rays, or high-voltage electronics to kill potentially harmful substances in foods such as bacteria
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Food additives
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added to food intentionally or by accident to make food last longer, or make food taste or look better
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food-borne disease
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cost of creating a risk-free food supply is unrealistic, if a problem is found, store/manufacturer should be contacted to prevent epidemics
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allergie
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reaction of the body's immune system to a food or ingredient
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boycott
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refraining from the purchase of a substance in order to encourage some kind of change
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Wellness
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optimal health and vitality
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What are the 5 dimensions of wellness?
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physical
emotional intellectual spiritual interpersonal and social |
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Leading causes of death
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heart disease
cancer stroke chronic lower respiratory diseases unintentional injuries diabetes |
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junk science
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little or no scientific evidence to prove health claim
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vaccines
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an antigenic preparation to establish immunity to a disease; term derives from Edward Jenner's use of cowpox
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polio
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thought it was eradiated; now due to globalization, people are coming into our country and spreading it
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HPV
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human papillomavirus, most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States; at least 50% will have it at some point
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What is government spending on health care and what is it expected to increase to by 2017?
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almost 2.5 trillion dollars in 2009; 17.5% of gross domestic product; increase to 19.5%
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How is GDP calculated?
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Consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports - imports)
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Social health safety nets
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medicare, medicaid, food stamps, public assistance payments
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Medicare
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covers 40 million americans; by 2030 this number will double; underfunded and getting more costly
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leading causes of death in 1900s
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pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhea
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Medicaid issue
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reliant on state's budgets
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new healthcare threats
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bioterrorism
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What are the largest expenditures for most consumers?
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Housing and transportation
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How much of monthly expenditures does housing account for?
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one third; including utilities
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What percentage of your monthly expenditures is transportation?
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18%; expected to increase if fuel prices continue to rise
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Rent
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payment for the use of a specific property or unit
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what is the primary advantage of renting?
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flexibility
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Lease
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a legal document that sets forth the rights and responsibilities of landlord and tenants
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subleasing
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allows the renter to lease the property to another person
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Security deposit
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protects the landlord if the tenant vacates without making required payments or damages the unit
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Tenant right to health and safety
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implied right from the landlord that the unit if fit to live in
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tenant right to privacy
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landlord may enter in case of emergency or with advance notice or inspections and repairs
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tenance right to security
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locks on exterior doors; window latchs on exterior windows; re-keyed locks before new tenance moves in
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Tenance responsiblities
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-Read lease prior to signing
-get promised in writing -communicate with landlord -be a good neighbor -pay rent on time and in full |
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Time length factor
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when evaluating renting vs buying, the longer you plan on being in one geographic location, more likely you should buy a home rather than rent
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Fair Housing Act
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prohibits discrimination on the basis of race/color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability
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How many times your annual household gross income should you spend on a house?
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2.5
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28/36 qualifying rulle for conventional mortgages
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house payment should be no more than 28% of monthly househole gross income; house+dept payments should be no more than 36% of you monthly household gross invome
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unafforadable burden
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household spends 30% of their income on housing
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critical burden
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spends 50% of income on rent
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fixed rate mortgage
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butter in the long-run; loan where the interest rate on the loan remains the same through the term of the loan as opposed to adjusting, 15-30 years
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Adjustable rate mortgage
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interest rate is linked an an economic index, interest rate and your payments are periodically adjusted up or down as the index changes
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reverse mortgages
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mortgage product for persons age 62 and older; allows owner to convery a portion of the equity into cash; homeowner retains title to house, loan doesnt have to be repaid
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subprime mortgage loans
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loans given to households with poor credit history, almost always have a higher than average interest rate
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loan targeting
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type of predatory lending, loan targets a specific population or group of people
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equity
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current market value of home - outstanding mortgage balance
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what is the primary advantage of equity loan
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tax benefit, interest paid is usually tax deductible
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life change points
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getting married, committed relationship, having children, children leaving home, retiring
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invoice price
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price the manufacturer charges the dealer
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base price
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cost of car including standard equipment and factory warranty
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dealer sticker price
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dealer installed options and dealer markup
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Monroney Sticker Price
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base price + manufactured installed options, fuel economy and transportation price; just gives total vehicle price
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trade in
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what they will give you for your car at the dealership
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suggested retail price
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what they will sell it back for
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Advantages of used cars
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buyer of a used car avoids some of the depreciation costs; sometimes buyers can afford more options and luxury items when they burchase a used car
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Disadvantages of used cars
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most maintenance-free time of the cars life is during the first two years; some have hidden defects with limited or no warranty coverage
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Closed-end leases(walk-away leases)
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normally offer a purchase option; require the dealer to be responsible for resale; account for about 80% of all leases; take appreciating into account
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open-end leases
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compare the fair market value to the lease's residual value of the vehicle; if you dont take care of the car you have to pay the difference; should be avoided
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gross capitalized cost
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the price of the car for leasing purposes
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capitalized cost reduction
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amount of cash down payment, trade-in, or rebate
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residual values
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the automobile's value at the end of the lease; also known as guaranteed future value or lease-end value; often expressed as a percentage of the manufacturers suggested retail price
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rent charge
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amount paid by the lessee that may include interest, overhead, and profit
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money factor
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lease rate or monthly lease fee that is the interest rate built into all leases; the lease version of an annual percentage rate which is charged to people who buy on credit
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gap insurance
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if you total the car, your auto insurance may cover replacement but not the payment still required, gap insurance covers the difference
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3 Steps involved in personal finance
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1. setting financial goals and making plans
2. activating plans 3. evaluating and revising plans |
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budget
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a financial plan based on income and expenditures in a month; need financial records that show consumption and organized paperwork
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savings
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provide a safety net and are helpful for putting together money for future needs such as down payment on a house
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taxes
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payments of money to federal, local, and state governments; each level of government has various methods of taxation
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Zero out
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method of taxation that you want meaning you dont get money back and you dont have to pay any more
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CDs
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type of time deposoti; usually a sade way to store money from seven days to several years because they are protected by FDIC; banks and brokerage firms offer CDs with a maturity of at least seven days
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Bank Secrey Act
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requires all national banks to file a suspicious activity report when they detect certain known or suspected violations of federal law or suspicious transations related to a money-laundering activity or a violation of the BSA
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Financial planners
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look at a person's or family's financial picture and help them define and prioritize goals and work with them to achieve those goals
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divorce financial panners
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specialist who is trained to focus on who gets the assets in divorces and who works alongside attourneys who handle legal documents and child custody issues
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Interest
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the cost of using money; rate of interest is determined by supply and demand and interest rates are expressed as percentages
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loans
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sums of money lent at interest; should consider the source, rate, and terms including the repayment schedule and any fees or penalties
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Credit and Consumer Rights
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-recieve a copy
-know who has received a copy -companies denying your application must supply name and address of CRA -right to a free copy -right to file a disput |
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Debt Collectors and creditor rights
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-contact only 8am-9pm
-cannot contact at work -may not harass, oppress or abuse you -may not lie -have to identify themselves to you -must stop contacting if asked in writing |
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Credit Counseling services
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after trying everything to fix credit problems, can turn to these such as National Foundation for Credit Counseling or Consolidated Credit Counseling Service
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Consumer choices are determined by
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tastes and preferences
habit and convenience culture, emotion, values cost nutrition, health, body image inonnovation and marketing |
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Since 2000, which state has had the lowest percentage of obesity
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Colorado
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What is the healthy people 2010 Goal?
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to get adult obesity to <15%
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What are costs attributed to overweight and obese medical expenses in 1997? now? who pays?
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9.1% of total us expenditures in 1998, now may have reached 78.5 billion dollars; half is paied by tax payers
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How much as consumer spending on food dropped between 1990 and 2000? Why does this matter?
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10%; it matters because spend on food is an indication of how healthy our economy is
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Where does america rank for alleviating poverty and childhoop poverty according to the Luxembourg income study?
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At or near the bottomr of 31 industrial nations
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What did a 2002 study of supermarkets find?
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study of more than 200 neighborhoods found that there are 3x as many supermarkets in wealthy neighborhoods as in poor neighborhoods, and 4x as many supermarkets in white than is black neighborhoods
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what age group is more likely to eat a diet comprised almost entirely of fast food than the rest of the nation
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18-24 year olds
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McDonalds
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largest fast-food chain in the world; founded as a bbq drive-in by Dick and Mac McDonald; McDonald's stand was milkshake machine biggest customer and Ray Kroc traveled to californica to discover secret
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What do health frauds generally prey on?
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False hopes; consumers should beware of ads that use testimonials, especially for weight reduction and miracle cures
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Biologics
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not junk science; include: vaccines, blood and blood derivatives, tests to detect HIV and heptitis, gene therapy products, cells and tissues for transplanation
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Gardasil
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a vaccine to immunize young pre-sexual women against HPV(the genital wart virus); will only help those who have not had sex and will only prevent cervical cancer
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Generic drugs
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lower cost copy of brand-name prescription drug that becomes available after patent runs out; typically 15-20 years for patents, cost from 30-75% less
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What do economists think the spending on healthcare will grow to by 2017
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4.3 trillion dollars
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Health as a commodity
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health is an engine of economic growth; a luxury good from some an a good comsumed daily by others; this is an issue of scarcity
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How many people does medicare cover?
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40 million americans; expected to double by 2030
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What is the poverty rate in athens? and how many americans are existing below the poverty line?
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Poverty rate in athens is 35.2% and 1 out of every 8 americans exist below the poverty line
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What was life expectancy is 1850? 1950? 2010?
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in 1850= 25 years
in 1950= 50+ years now at about 75 years |
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When was social security started? how much of the population lived to 65?
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Social security started in 1935 and less than 5% of the population lived to 65
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How many people are uninsured?
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46.6 million people
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18th amendment
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1919; outlawed alcohol use, challenged the free market system of buyers and sellers; organized crime grew rapidly
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Al Capone
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quit school in 6th grade; mob boss/murdered early 20s; opened soup kitchen in 1929; jailed for tax evasion
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21st Amendment
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1933; repealed the 18th amendment of 1919-prohibition
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War on Drugs
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prohibition campsign intended to reduce the illegal drug trade, to curb supply and diminish demand for certain psychoactive substances deemed harmful or undesireable by the government
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What is the leading known preventable cause of mental and physical birth defects in the united states?
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Alcohol
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How many infants are born with fetal alcohol syndrom each year? fetal alcohol effects?
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750 with FAS 40,000 with FAE
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Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
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low birth weight
smal head circumfrence developmental delay facial abnormalities poor coordination learning difficulties behavioral problems |
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Alcohol poisoning in adults
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alcohol depresses nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex
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Symptoms of alcohol poisioning
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mental confusion
vomiting seizures slow breathing irregular breathing hyptermia |
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What is alcohol's influence on road safety?
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#1 cause of death for youth is vehicle crashes; in 40% of these cases, alcohol is a factor
#1 cause of serious injury in youth is vehicle crashes, 20% of these cases alcohol is a factor |
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Grace period
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these is no grace period for a rental lease, when yuou sign it goes into effect
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Lease should include
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-which rent is due and if grade period
-amt of security deposit -method to terminate -how maintenance and repairs are handled -special charges or fees |
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Security deposit refund in Georgia
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must return security deposit within 30 days of termination of lease; tenant is entitled to inspect premises within 5 business days after termination of occupancy
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If you dont have a lease, are you still protected by the Georgia landlord-tenant laws?
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yes
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in georgia, does the landlord have to tell a prospective tenent that a burder occured in the unit?
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no
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Renter's insurance
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covers your personal property in the event of theft, loss or destruction; may be covered by homeowner's insurance, pay extra for replacement cost insurance
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What is the national homeownership rate?
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69%
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How many people spend at least 30% of their income on housing, according to harvard?
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A quarter of homeowners and four in ten renters
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How has the subprime market grown?
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from 210 billion in 2001 to $625 billion in 2005; last year 13.5% of mortgages originated were subprime compared to 2.7% of loans originated in 2000
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Over last 75 years, how have homes been as an investment?
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stocks have outperformed homes
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Dealerships
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dealerships account for approximately 50% of the used cares sold annually. Dealers have a good supple of late model used cars, so offer a selection in top condition
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When negotiating for a used car, your initial offer should be?
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15-20% below the maximum amount you will pay
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low-balled
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if the salesperson accepts an early offer but then says that the sales manager will not approve the deal, it is likely you are being low-balled
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disposition fees
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covers costs associated with picking up and processing the returned car
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purchase option
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the chance to buy the automobile at the end of the lease
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