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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid
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any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water
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amino acid
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basic building blocks of protein acid
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atom
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basic building blocks of all matter; smallest particle of an element with all the characteristics of that element
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base
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substance that forms hydroxide ions in water; solutions with a pH over 7 are basic
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carbohydrate
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organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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cellulose
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polysaccharide made of glucose units hooked together;
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compound
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composed of atoms of different substances that are chemically combined
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covalent bond
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chemical bond formed when two atoms combine by sharing electrons
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dissaccharide
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two sugar carbohydrates formed by linking two monosaccharide molecules; EX. sucrose
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; complex biological polymer. master copy of an organisms information code
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Enzyme
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proteins that accelerate chemical reactions but do not change themselves in the reaction
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glycogen
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polysaccharide with very highly branched chains of glucose units
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hydrogen bond
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weak bond formed by attractions of opposite charges between hydrogen and other atoms
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ion
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atom or molecule that gains electrons and carries a negative electrical charge or loses electrons and has a positive electrical charge
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ionic bond
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bond formed by the natural attraction of two ions of an opposite charge
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isomer
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compounds with some formula but a different 3D arrangement of the atoms
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isotope
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atoms of the same element differring the numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
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lipid
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organic compounds commonly called fats and oils
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metabolism
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total of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism
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mixture
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combination of substances that dont combine chemically but retain their individual properties
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molecule
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group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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monosaccharide
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a simple sugar such as glucose or fuctose
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nucleic acid
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complex macromolecule, such as dna and rna that stores info in cells in coded form
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nucleotide
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subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar. a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
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nucleus
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positively charged center of a atom
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peptide bond
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covalent bond linking amino acid
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pH
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symbol to describe how acidic or basic a solution is
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polar molecule
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a molecule with a positive end and a negative end, resulting in an unequal distribution of charge
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