Chapter 7&8 Test Review

Front 1

nasal septum

Back 1

is a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

Front 2

cilia

Back 2

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris

Front 3

pharynx

Back 3

aka throat, receives the air after it passes through the nose

Front 4

larynx

Back 4

aka voice box, is a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

Front 5

thyroid cartilage

Back 5

protects the larynx

Front 6

epiglottis

Back 6

a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs

Front 7

trachea

Back 7

aka windpipe, is the tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest. it transports air to and from the lungs

Front 8

bronchi

Back 8

are formed where the trachea divides into two branches known as the primary bronchi

Front 9

bronchioles

Back 9

the smallest branches of the bronchi

Front 10

alveoli

Back 10

aka air sacs, are the very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. exchange of oxygen and co2 occurs through the walls of the alveoli

Front 11

mediastinum

Back 11

is the cavity located between the lungs, contains: the heart, veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes

Front 12

pleura

Back 12

is a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage

Front 13

parietal pleura

Back 13

is the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung

Front 14

diaphragm

Back 14

it is the contraction and relaxtion of this muscle that makes breathing possible

Front 15

phrenic nerves

Back 15

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract

Front 16

inhalation

Back 16

is the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

Front 17

exhalation

Back 17

is the act of breathing out. the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

Front 18

external respiration

Back 18

is the act of bringing air into and out of the lungs and exchanging gases from the air

Front 19

internal respiration

Back 19

is the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues

Front 20

pulmonologist

Back 20

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues

Front 21

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 21

aka COPD, is a lung disease in which it is hard to breathe. the damaged bronchi partially obstruct them, making it difficult to breathe

Front 22

chronic bronchitis

Back 22

the airways have become inflamed and thickened, and there is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells

Front 23

emphysema

Back 23

is the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by (1) decrease in number of alveoli (2) enlargement of the remaining alveoli (3) the progressive destruction of the walls of the remaining alveoli

Front 24

asthma

Back 24

is a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

Front 25

controller medicines

Back 25

are taken daily to prevent asthma attacks

Front 26

quick-relief & rescue medicine

Back 26

are taken at first signs of an attack to dilate the airways and make breathing easier

Front 27

upper respiratory infections

Back 27

aka common cold

Front 28

allergic rhinitis

Back 28

aka allergy, is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause an increased flow of mucus

Front 29

epistaxis

Back 29

aka nose bleed, is bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders

Front 30

pertussis

Back 30

aka whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration

Front 31

rhinorrhea

Back 31

aka runny nose, is the watery flow of mucus from the nose

Front 32

hemothorax

Back 32

is a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

Front 33

pyothorax

Back 33

is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

Front 34

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Back 34

(ARDS) is it a form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult

Front 35

atelectasis

Back 35

is the collapse of part or all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing

Front 36

pulmonary edema

Back 36

is an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues

Front 37

tuberculosis

Back 37

(TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually attacks the lungs

Front 38

pneumonia

Back 38

is a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid

Front 39

aspiration pneumonia

Back 39

can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

Front 40

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Back 40

is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus pneumocystis carinii

Front 41

pneumoconiosis

Back 41

is fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

Front 42

anthracosis

Back 42

aka coal miner's pneumoconiosis or black lung disease, is caused by coal dust in the lungs

Front 43

asbestosis

Back 43

is caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

Front 44

cystic fibrosis

Back 44

is a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Front 45

lung cancer

Back 45

is a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

Front 46

apnea

Back 46

is the absence of spontaneous respiration

Front 47

sleep apnea syndromes

Back 47

are a group of potentially fatal disorders in which the breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

Front 48

cheyne-stokes respiration

Back 48

is a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea followed by hyperpnea

Front 49

anoxia

Back 49

is the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues

Front 50

cyanosis

Back 50

is a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen

Front 51

hypercapnia

Back 51

is the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 52

smoke inhalation

Back 52

is damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases

Front 53

sudden infant death syndrome

Back 53

(SIDS) is the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 weeks and 1 year

Front 54

bronchoscopy

Back 54

is the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Front 55

laryngoscopy

Back 55

is the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx

Front 56

polysomnography

Back 56

aka sleep apnea study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea

Front 57

pulmonary function tests

Back 57

(PFT) are a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer

Front 58

spirometer

Back 58

is a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

Front 59

pulse oximeter

Back 59

is an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

Front 60

sputum

Back 60

is phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

Front 61

phlegm

Back 61

is thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

Front 62

antitussive

Back 62

aka cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing

Front 63

nebulizer

Back 63

aka atomizer, pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouth piece

Front 64

tracheostomy

Back 64

is the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions

Front 65

cpap device

Back 65

(continuous positive airway pressure) this is treatment for sleep apnea that includes a mask, tubes, and a fan to create air pressure that pushes the tongue forward to maintain an open airway

Front 66

respirator

Back 66

is an apparatus for administering artificial respiration in cases of respiratory failure

Front 67

ventilator

Back 67

is a mechanical device for artificial ventilation of the lungs that is used to replace or supplement the patient's natural breathing function

Front 68

or/o
stomat/o

Back 68

mouth

Front 69

pharyng/o

Back 69

pharynx

Front 70

esophag/o

Back 70

esophagus

Front 71

gastr/o

Back 71

stomach

Front 72

enter/o

Back 72

small intestines

Front 73

col/o
colon/o

Back 73

large intestines

Front 74

an/o
proct/o
rect/o

Back 74

rectum and anus

Front 75

hepat/o

Back 75

liver

Front 76

cholecyst/o

Back 76

gallbladder

Front 77

pancreat/o

Back 77

pancreas

Front 78

dorsum

Back 78

upper surface of the tongue

Front 79

palpilae

Back 79

taste buds

Front 80

peridontium

Back 80

consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth

Front 81

temporomandibular joint

Back 81

(TMJ) is formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together

Front 82

dentition

Back 82

refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws

Front 83

pharynx

Back 83

common passage-way for both respiration and digestion

Front 84

epiglottis

Back 84

is a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing

Front 85

stomach

Back 85

is a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum

Front 86

pylorus

Back 86

is the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

Front 87

pyloric sphincter

Back 87

is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

Front 88

ileocecal sphincter

Back 88

is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine

Front 89

sigmoid colon

Back 89

is an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below

Front 90

liver

Back 90

removes toxins from the blood and turns food into the fuel and nutrients the body needs

Front 91

bilirubin

Back 91

is the pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin, is released by the liver in bile

Front 92

bile

Back 92

secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder

Front 93

pancreas

Back 93

is a soft, 6 inch long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach

Front 94

digestion

Back 94

is the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use

Front 95

catabolism

Back 95

is the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide

Front 96

bolus

Back 96

is a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

Front 97

gastric juices

Back 97

of the stomach contain hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to begin the digestive process

Front 98

cleft lip

Back 98

aka harelip, is a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development

Front 99

cleft palate

Back 99

is the failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus

Front 100

bruxism

Back 100

is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress

Front 101

halitosis

Back 101

aka bad breath, is an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders

Front 102

dysphagia

Back 102

is difficulty swallowing

Front 103

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Back 103

(GERD) is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Front 104

pyrosis

Back 104

aka heartburn, is the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

Front 105

hiatal hernia

Back 105

is a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

Front 106

anorexia nervosa

Back 106

is an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance

Front 107

bulimia nervosa

Back 107

is an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications

Front 108

pica

Back 108

is an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for at least 1 month

Front 109

malabsorption

Back 109

is a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

Front 110

juandice

Back 110

is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes

Front 111

ascites

Back 111

is an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 112

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Back 112

is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper gi tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

Front 113

nasogastric intubation

Back 113

is the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

Front 114

gastostomy tube

Back 114

is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach

Front 115

anastomosis

Back 115

is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

Front 116

proctopexy

Back 116

is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ