Chapter 7 #19-37

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Eastern Orthodox Church

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One of the three major branches of Christianity, the Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Roman Catholic Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions: two western regions centered in Rome, and two eastern regions centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). In 1054 CE, Christianity was divided along that same line when the Constantinople ; and the Roman Catholic Church, centered in Rome, split.

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Roman Catholic Church

Back 2

claims the most followers of all Christian denominations, centered in Rome, led by the Pope.

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Protestant

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One of the three major branches of Christianity(together with the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church). Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300s CE, many adherents to the Roman Catholic Church began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Islam

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The youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to Islamic teaching, Muhammed received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammed spoke the verses of Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book.

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Sunni

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Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions (sunna) of Muhhamed as authoritative.

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Shi'ite

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Adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam. Also known as Shiahs, the Shi'ites represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Isalm and believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of Imams, descendants of Ali.

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Shamanism

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Community faith ini traditional societies in which people follow their shaman- a religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary. At times, an especially strong shaman might attract a regional following. However, most shamans remain local figures.

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Pilgrimage

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Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site.

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Sacred sites

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Place or space people infuse with religious meaning.

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Minarets

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Tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier calls Muslims to prayer.

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Hajj

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The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad

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Interfaith Boundaries

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Boundaries between the world's major faiths.

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Intrafaith Boundaries

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Boundaries within a single major faith.

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Genocide

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The systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation.

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Activity Space

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The space with which daily activity occurs.

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Religious Fundamentalism

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Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of faith and to influence state policy.

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Religious Extremism

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Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence

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Shari'a Laws

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The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Qu'ranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, Shair'a is based on varying degrees of interpretation the Qu'ran.

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Jihad

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A doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up the religious standards set by the Qu'ran.