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29 Cards in this Set
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approach to the study of cognitive development that seeks to measure the quantity of intelligence a person possesses.
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psychometric approach
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Galton "father of this approach"
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Clusters of abilities, identified by Thurstone, which appear to be largely independent of each other
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primary mental abilities
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cube shaped model, developed by Guilford, consisting of 180 factors of intelligence
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structure of intellect
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operations, content, products
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type of intelligence, proposed by Horn and Cattell, which is applied to novel problems and is relatively independent of educational and cultural influences.
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fluid intelligence
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type of intelligence, proposed by Horn and Cattell, involving the ability to remember and use learned information; it is relatively dependent on education and cultural background
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crystallized intelligence
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standards for evaluating performance of persons who take an intelligence test, obtained from scores of a large, representative sample who took the test while it was in preparation.
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standarized norms
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assessment of intelligence corresponding to the age of normal children whose performance a test taker can match
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mental age
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measurement of intelligence traditionally obtained by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100.
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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measurement of intelligence based on distribution of raw scores and standard deviation from the mean
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deviation IQ
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standardized test of infants and toddlers' mental and motor development
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Bayley (II)
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theory, propsed by Gardner, that distinct, multiple forms of intelligence exist in each person
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theory of mulitple intelligences
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theory, propsed by Sternberg, describing three types of intelligence: componential (analytical ability), experiential (insight and creativity), and contextual (practical thinking)
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triarchic theory of intelligence
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In sternberg's triarchic theory, the analytic aspect of intelligence, which determines how efficiently people process information and solve problems
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componential element
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In sternberg's triarchic theory, the insightful and creative aspect of intelligence, which determines how effectively people approach both novel and familiar tasks
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experiential element
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In Sternberg's triarchic theory, the practical aspect of intelligence, which determines how effectively people deal with their environment
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contextual element
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testing to determine a child's potential level of development
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dynamic testing
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instrument to measure the influence of the home environment on children's cognitive growth.
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Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
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model, proposed by Zajonc, which attributes effects of birth order on intelligence to the average level of cognitive maturity in the immediate family
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confluence model
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tendency of intelligence tests to include items calling for knowledge or skills more familiar or meaningful to some cultural groups than others
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cultural bias
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describing an intelligence test, that if it were possible to design, would have no culturally linked content
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culture-free
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describing an intelligence test that deals with experiences common to various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias.
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culture-fair
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systematic process of planning and providing therapeutic and educational services to faimiles that need help in meeting children's developmental needs
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early intervention
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aspects of the home environment that seem necessary for normal cognitive and psychosocial development
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developmental priming mechanisms
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significantly subnormal cognitive functioning
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mental retardation
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approach to educating gifted children, which broadens and deepens knowledge and skills through extra activities, projects, field trips, or mentoring.
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enrichment
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approach to educating gifted children, which mores them through the curriculum at an unusually rapid pace.
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acceleration
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ability to see situations in a new way, to produce innovations, or to discern previously unidentified problems and find novel solutions
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creativity
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thinking aimed at finding the one correct answer to a problem
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convergent thinking
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thinking that produces a variety of novel, diverse possibilities
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divergent thinking
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