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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION
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use of ideas / images (or) other symbols
- to stand for objects (or) events |
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LANGUAGE
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an abstract
- rule governed - system of arbitrary symbols that - can be combined in countless ways - to communicate information |
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PHONOLOGY
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system of sounds
- used in a language - the rules for combining those sounds - to make words - and use of stress and - intonation - in spoken sentences |
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PHONEMES
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- speech sounds that contast with one another
- in a particular language - and canchange the meaning of a word |
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SEMANTICS
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meanings of words and sentences
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MORPHOLOGY
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system of rules
- for combining morphemes - to form words (or) to modify word meanings |
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MORPHEMES
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smallest meaningful units
- in a language |
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SYNTAX
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rules
- for organizing words - into phrases and sentences |
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PRAGMATICS
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rules governing
- conversation & social use of language |
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PRODUCTIVE SKILLS
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language skills used to put ideas into words
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RECEPTIVE SKILLS
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language skills used to understand
- what other people say |
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PRE- LINGUISTIC VOCALIZATION
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sounds produced by infants
- during 1st year of life - before they begin to speak |
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CRYING
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reflexive vocalization
- occurs automatically - whenever an infant is overly aroused |
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COOING
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Pre- linguistic vocalizations
- consists largely of vowel sounds - and express pleasure and contentment |
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VOCAL PLAY
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pre- linguistic vocalizations
- that vary greatly in pitch - and loudness - including occasional simple syllables |
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CANONICAL BABBLING
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begins at 6 months
- prelinguistic vocalizations consisting of - strings of syllables - that sound increasingly like speech |
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CONVERSATIONAL BABBLING (OR) JARGON
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Pre-Linguistic vocalizations in which
- infants use adult like stress / and intonation |
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PROTOWORDS
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Vocalizations that seem to have
- consistent meanings for a child - and are used in attempts - to communicate - but do not closely resemble - adult words in - sound (or) meaning |
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REFERENTIAL STYLE
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a style of early word use in
- which words - primarily refer to objects/ & / events |
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EXPRESSIVE STYLE
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- style of early word use in which
- words primarily express social routines |
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VOCABULARY SPURT
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sudden increase
- in word acquisition at about 18 months of age |
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Referential children initially acquire ......
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words faster BUT NO
- difference in how ..... - grammatical speech is |
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DURING PRESCHOOL YEARS CHILDREN LEARN AN AVERAGE OF HOW MANY WORDS?
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average learned is 5.5 new wors per day
3 1/2 YEAR OLD - average words speaking 1,222 6 YEAR OLD - 2,526 *recent work / research / yields increased estimates of vocabulary for both ages |
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RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY
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- words they understand
- even if unused - larger than PRODUCTIVE VOCABULARY - ages 1 to 6 rapid increase in RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY end of 1st grade ___________________ 10,000.00 words END OF 5TH GRADE _____________________ 40,000.00 words |
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SEGMENTATION ERRORS
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mistakes in detecting boundaries
- between words in a sentence |
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FAST MAPPING
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process in which
- young child uses context cues - to make a quick and reasonably accurate guess - about meaning of an unfamiliar word |
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JOINT ATTENTION
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tendency for language - learning children
- and their adult conversation - partners to share a focus of attention |
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WHOLE OBJECT ASSUMPTION
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children's tendency to assume that
- unfamiliar words are names - for objects - rather than for attributes |
