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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is psychopharmacology?
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study of how drugs affect nervous system and behavior
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Drugs can be taken :
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orally-safest but not most effective
inhaled- barries on way to brain supositories skin patches- absorbed into blood stream, injected into muscle or brain- most effective |
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drugs are removed by
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metabolized in kedneys, liver, and bile
released from body in urine, feces, sweat, breast mild, and exhaled |
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Blood-Brain Barrier in the brain
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capillaries in brain have tight junctions and are covered in astrocyte feet which prevent materials from moving in and out easily
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Properties that make oral drugs most effective
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*small in size
* weakly acidic *water soluble *potent in small amounts *not easily degraded |
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Mechanisms of action of drug
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*influence chemical reactions at synapses
*synaptic neurotransmission involves 7 chemical processes; drug can modify any of these to enhance or reduce transmission |
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7 steps of synaptic transmission
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1. synthesis
2. storage 3. release 4. receptor interaction 5. inactivation 6. reuptake 7. degradation agonist vs. antagonist |
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agonist vs. antagonist
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agonist: increase neurotransmission
antagonist: decrease neurotransmission |
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Agonist- promote Ach. ex:
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Black widow spider venom: Agonist- more Ach. released
Nicotine- agonist: stimulates receptors- facilitates binding of Ach and receptor so agonist |
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Antagonist decrease in transmission of ACH ex:
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botulin: toxin that blocks release of Ach.. stops unwanted movements/moving muscles. reduces pain.
curare: poison- blocks recpetors |
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sedative-hypnotics and anti-anxiety agents
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1. sedative-hypnotics and anti-anxiety agents
reduce anxiety, lower arousal. ex: alcohol at medium doses: sleep aids high doses: anesthesia |
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sedative-hyptonitcs and anti anxiety agents
Barbituates |
Barbiturates- sleeping aids, used prior to surgery
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sedative-hyptonitcs and anti anxiety agents
benzodiazepines |
minor tranquilizers used as muscle relaxants and relieve anxiety
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Influence on GABAa Receptor
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receptors control chloride channels.
hyperpolorzie cell membrane and reduces likelihood of action potential gaba produces in inhibitory effect by decreasing a neurons rate of firing. |