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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is psychopharmacology?
study of how drugs affect nervous system and behavior
Drugs can be taken :
orally-safest but not most effective
inhaled- barries on way to brain
supositories
skin patches- absorbed into blood stream,
injected into muscle or brain- most effective
drugs are removed by
metabolized in kedneys, liver, and bile

released from body in urine, feces, sweat, breast mild, and exhaled
Blood-Brain Barrier in the brain
capillaries in brain have tight junctions and are covered in astrocyte feet which prevent materials from moving in and out easily
Properties that make oral drugs most effective
*small in size
* weakly acidic
*water soluble
*potent in small amounts
*not easily degraded
Mechanisms of action of drug
*influence chemical reactions at synapses

*synaptic neurotransmission involves 7 chemical processes; drug can modify any of these to enhance or reduce transmission
7 steps of synaptic transmission
1. synthesis
2. storage
3. release
4. receptor interaction
5. inactivation
6. reuptake
7. degradation

agonist vs. antagonist
agonist vs. antagonist
agonist: increase neurotransmission

antagonist: decrease neurotransmission
Agonist- promote Ach. ex:
Black widow spider venom: Agonist- more Ach. released
Nicotine- agonist: stimulates receptors- facilitates binding of Ach and receptor so agonist
Antagonist decrease in transmission of ACH ex:
botulin: toxin that blocks release of Ach.. stops unwanted movements/moving muscles. reduces pain.

curare: poison- blocks recpetors
sedative-hypnotics and anti-anxiety agents
1. sedative-hypnotics and anti-anxiety agents
reduce anxiety, lower arousal.

ex: alcohol
at medium doses: sleep aids
high doses: anesthesia
sedative-hyptonitcs and anti anxiety agents

Barbituates
Barbiturates- sleeping aids, used prior to surgery
sedative-hyptonitcs and anti anxiety agents

benzodiazepines
minor tranquilizers used as muscle relaxants and relieve anxiety
Influence on GABAa Receptor
receptors control chloride channels.

hyperpolorzie cell membrane and reduces likelihood of action potential

gaba produces in inhibitory effect by decreasing a neurons rate of firing.