Chapter 7 Sociology Key Terms

Front 1

Convential crime

Back 1

All violent crime as well as certain types of vice and property crimes; also called street crimes.

Front 2

corporate crime

Back 2

illegal activities engaged in by a corporation or people acting on its behalf

Front 3

crime

Back 3

behavior that violates the formal norms or laws of a society.

Front 4

deviance

Back 4

any condition, behavior, attitude, or belief that violates cultural norms or that is reached to and defined as deviance.

Front 5

deviant

Back 5

a person who engages in deviance or possesses and attitude or condition considered or labeled deviant.

Front 6

formal social control

Back 6

involves agents of society, such as the police and the courts, in punishing people who believed to have broken laws

Front 7

hate crimes

Back 7

crimes motivated by racial, religious, sexual, disability, or other biases

Front 8

corporate crime

Back 8

illegal activities engaged in by a corporation or people acting on its behalf

Front 9

illegitmate opprotunity structures

Back 9

conditions that provide an opprotunity to achieve what they cannot achieve through legitimate means

Front 10

impulsive deviance

Back 10

deviance that is engage in without prior calculation of the costs and benefits of doing deviance.

Front 11

crime

Back 11

behavior that violates the formal norms or laws of a society.

Front 12

organized crime

Back 12

criminal activity engaged in for profit by an organized group

Front 13

deviance

Back 13

any condition, behavior, attitude, or belief that violates cultural norms or that is reached to and defined as deviance.

Front 14

deviant

Back 14

a person who engages in deviance or possesses and attitude or condition considered or labeled deviant.

Front 15

formal social control

Back 15

involves agents of society, such as the police and the courts, in punishing people who believed to have broken laws

Front 16

illegitmate opprotunity structures

Back 16

conditions that provide an opprotunity to achieve what they cannot achieve through legitimate means

Front 17

impulsive deviance

Back 17

deviance that is engage in without prior calculation of the costs and benefits of doing deviance.

Front 18

organized crime

Back 18

criminal activity engaged in for profit by an organized group

Front 19

Informal social control

Back 19

reactions and sanctions exhibited by people in everyday interactions; their effect is to encourage conformity

Front 20

intentional deviance

Back 20

Deviance that involves prior rational calculation of the costs and benefits of doing deviance

Front 21

political crime

Back 21

unethical or illegal behavior engaged in by government officials, or criminal activity engaged in by people attempting to overthrow the government.

Front 22

primary deviance

Back 22

the first act of deviance for which one recieves the label of deviant.

Front 23

punishment

Back 23

actions take to extinguish or stop undesireable behavior

Front 24

secondary deviance

Back 24

subsequent acts of deviance that result from the acceptance of the label and identity of deviant.

Front 25

Social control

Back 25

collective attempts to ensure conformity to group or societal norms.

Front 26

Stigma

Back 26

A strong negative label

Front 27

strain theory

Back 27

the theory that people engage in deviance when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals through socially approved means

Front 28

white-collar crime

Back 28

crime committed by people of high social position in the courseof their employment activities.

Front 29

Informal social control

Back 29

reactions and sanctions exhibited by people in everyday interactions; their effect is to encourage conformity

Front 30

intentional deviance

Back 30

Deviance that involves prior rational calculation of the costs and benefits of doing deviance

Front 31

political crime

Back 31

unethical or illegal behavior engaged in by government officials, or criminal activity engaged in by people attempting to overthrow the government.

Front 32

primary deviance

Back 32

the first act of deviance for which one recieves the label of deviant.

Front 33

punishment

Back 33

actions take to extinguish or stop undesireable behavior

Front 34

secondary deviance

Back 34

subsequent acts of deviance that result from the acceptance of the label and identity of deviant.

Front 35

Social control

Back 35

collective attempts to ensure conformity to group or societal norms.

Front 36

Stigma

Back 36

A strong negative label

Front 37

strain theory

Back 37

the theory that people engage in deviance when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals through socially approved means

Front 38

white-collar crime

Back 38

crime committed by people of high social position in the courseof their employment activities.

Front 39

cloward and Ohlin

Back 39

Functionalists who expanded Merton's theory by saying that people need illegitimate opprotunity structures to engage in deviance.

Front 40

Emile Durkheim

Back 40

Functionalist who theorized that deviance serves socially essential functions

Front 41

Robert Merton

Back 41

Functionalist who believed that strain theory explains how deviance occurs when individuals are unable to meet socially approved goals through socially approved means.

Front 42

Travis Hirschi

Back 42

Symbolic-interactionalist who developed control theory as a way to help understand what factors constrained people from choosing conformity over defiant behavior.