Chapter 7 Psych

Front 1

social smile

Back 1

a smile evoked by a human face, normally evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth

Front 2

stranger wariness

Back 2

an infants expression of concern-a quiet stare, clinging to a familiar person or sadness-when a stranger appears

Front 3

separation anxiety

Back 3

an infants distress when a familiar caregiver leaves, most obvious between 9 and 14 mos

Front 4

temperament

Back 4

inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. temperament originates in genes and prenatal development and is affected by early experiences

Front 5

goodness of fit

Back 5

a similarity of temperament and values that produces a smooth interaction between an individual and his or her social context, including family, school and community

Front 6

trust vs mistrust

Back 6

Eriksons first psychsocial crisis. Infants learn basic trust if their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met

Front 7

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Back 7

Eriksons 2nd crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining sense of self-rule over their own actions and bodies

Front 8

social learning

Back 8

learning that is accomplished by observing others-both what they do and how other people react to that behavior

Front 9

working model

Back 9

In cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. IE: a person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by evidence that this working model of human behavior is erroneous

Front 10

ethnotheory

Back 10

a theory that underlies the values and practices of a culture but is not usually apparent to the people within the culture

Front 11

proximal parenting

Back 11

caregiving practices that involve being physically close to a baby, with frequent holding and touching

Front 12

distal parenting

Back 12

caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from a baby, providing toys, food and face-to-face communications with minimal holding and touching

Front 13

synchrony

Back 13

a coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant

Front 14

still-face technique

Back 14

an experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face-to-face interaction to an infant

Front 15

attachment

Back 15

according to Ainsworth, an affectional tie that an infant forms with a caregiver-a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time

Front 16

insecure-avoidant attachment (type A)

Back 16

a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoid connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregivers presence, departure or return

Front 17

insecure resistant/ambivalent attachment (type C)

Back 17

anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when an infant becomes very upset at seperation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on return

Front 18

disorganized attachment

Back 18

marked by an infants inconsistent reactins to the caregivers departure and return

Front 19

strange situation

Back 19

a laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants reactions to stress in eight episodes, lasting 3 mins each

Front 20

social referencing

Back 20

seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone elses expressions and reactions. the other person becomes a social reference

Front 21

family daycare

Back 21

child care that occurs in the home of someone to whom the child is not related and who usually cares for several children of various ages