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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did scientific control of microbial growth begin?
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About 100 years ago.
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What did Pasteur's work on microorganisms led scientist to believe?
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That microbes were a possible cause of disease.
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Who were among the first to create microbial control practices for medical procedures? (2 people)
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Ignaz Semmeleis and Joseph Lister
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What was one of the first practices for microbial control.
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Washing hands with microbe killing chloride with lime and aseptic surgery.
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What is a nosocomial infection and approximate percentages of deaths it cause among the categories of surgical cases and delivering mothers.
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A nosocomial infection is a hospital acquired infection the percentage of deaths it produced was at least 10% of surgical cases and as high as 25% of delivering mothers.
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Describe what Sterilization is.
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Sterilization is the removal or destruction of all forms of microbial life with the absence of prions. Prions are highly resistant to sterilization techniques.
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What is an agent of sterilization?
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A sterilant.
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What is the most common method for killing microbes?
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Heating.
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What forms of matter can be sterilized through filtration?
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Liquids or gases.
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What is usually required for canned food to be sterile?
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A heat treatment.
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What potential organism in canned food is targeted by heating and why?
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Clostridium Botulinum (including the endospores) because the organism can produce a deadly toxin.
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What is commercial sterilization?
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A sufficient heat treatment enough to kill the endospores of Clostridium Botulinum in canned food.
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What is the relation of thermophilic bacteria and commercial sterilization?
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It is more resistant to heat than Clostridium Botulinum but will not grow at normal food storage temperatures because thermophiles grow around 45 degrees Celsius.
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Why is complete sterilization not required in some settings? (Give some examples)
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The body can cope with a few microbes entering a surgical wound. A drinking glass or for may only require enough microbial control to prevent transmission of pathogenic microbes from one person to another.
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What is disinfection? Is disinfection the same as complete sterilization?
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Disinfection is the destruction of vegetative pathogens and it is not the same as complete sterilization.
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Name some categories that disinfection may make use of and what is the usual practice of disinfection.
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Chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, boiling water or steam. In practice, disinfectants are usually chemicals to treat an inert surface or substance.
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What is a treatment of disinfection directed at living tissue called?
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Antisepsis.
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What is the chemical or chemicals used for antisepsis.
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An antiseptic.
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What is degerming? Give an example of degerming.
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Removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin around an injection site. For example an alcohol swab is used around somebody's skin before injecting that area.
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What is Sanitization?
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Treatment intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to safe public levels.
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Name the treatments that cause the death of microbes and have the suffix "-cide".
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A biocide or germicide kills microorganism (usually with certain exceptions such as endospores). A virucide inactivates viruses and a fungicide kills fungus.
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What is the term of the treatment that inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria and elaborate on the term. What does the suffix "-stat" and "stasis" mean?
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The treatment is called bacteriostasis. Bacteriostasis has bacteria alive but not growing. Once bacteriostatic agent is removed; then growth will resume.
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What does sepsis mean?
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Sepsis means bacterial contamination and the term is also used to describe a disease condition.
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What does aseptic and apsepsis mean?
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Aspetic means an object or area is free of pathogens and asepsis is the absence of significant contamination.
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What are aseptic techniques important for?
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Aseptic techniques are important for surgery to minimize contamination from the instruments, operating personnel and the patient.
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