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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Learning |
A change in behavior due to experience. All nurture. |
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EB Twitmyer |
Knee-jerk study. "Ring bell, tap knee, knee-jerk" |
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Ivan Pavlov |
Measured salvation in dogs. "Ring the bell, bring food, salvation." |
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Unconditioned stimulus |
-----> Unconditioned response |
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Conditioned stimulus |
-----> Conditioned response |
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John B. Watson |
Baby Albert Study. "Brings in white rat, loud noise behind head." UCS (noise)----->UCR (fear) + CS (white rat)---->CR (cry) |
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Stimulus Generalization |
Once response is conditioned, stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus cause similar responses. |
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Stimulus Discrimination |
The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. |
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Shaping |
Gradually guiding an action toward the desired behavior. |
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Acquisition of Conditioned Response |
Delayed (small time difference between CS & UCS) , Trace (CS first & UCS second), Simultaneous (CS & UCS at same time), Backwards (CS & UCS switch) |
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Extinction |
1. Stop pairing the controlled response with uncontrolled response. 2. Flooding and Systematic Desensitization |
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Spontaneous Recovery |
Suppressing and covering it up but the controlled response is still there under the surface. |
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Reconditioning |
Controlled response can come back to the actual initial conditioning |
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Some Bio. Limits of Classical Conditioning |
Taste aversion, Phobias |
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EL Thorndike's "Law of Effect" |
Behavior that leads to satisfying consequences gets repeated, behavior that leads to unsatisfying doesn't get repeated. |
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BF Skinner's Operant Chamber |
The box has a bar that an animal presses to release a reward of food or water. |
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Positive Reinforcement |
Strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus after a response. |
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Negative Reinforcement |
Strengthens a response by reducing or removing something negative. |
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Negative Reinforcement |
Strengthens a response by reducing or removing something negative. |
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Primary Reinforcers |
Unlearned biological need. |
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Secondary/Conditioned Reinforcers |
Stimuli that gets their power through learned association, like money and education. |
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Premack Principle |
Using preferred activity to reinforce a less preferred activity. |
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Premack Principle |
Using preferred activity to reinforce a less preferred activity. |
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Continuous Reinforcement |
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
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Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement |
Responses are sometimes reinforced, sometimes not |
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Fixed ratio schedules |
Reinforce behavior after a set number of responses |
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Variable-ratio Schedules |
Provide reinforcers after a seemingly unpredictable number of responses |
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Fixed-Interval Schedule |
Reinforce the first response after a fixed time period |
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Variable-interval Schedules |
Reinforce the first response after varying time periods |
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Vicarious Reinforcement |
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment. Copying. Living through someone else. |
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Modeling |
Process of observing and intimidating a specific behavior. Attention, Retain in memory, Ability to produce, Motivation. |
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Over justification |
Killing the desire by rewarding it |
