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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Food Security |
Ability of individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day to day basis |
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Famines |
Acute food shortages |
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Malnourishment |
Nutritional imbalance cased by lack of specific dietary components |
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Kwashiorkor |
Severe malnutrition especially in children characterized by anemia, edema, pot belly etc |
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Marasmus |
Widespread human protein deficiency disease caused by a diet low in calories & proteins |
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Obese |
30lbs above the normal for the average person |
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Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) |
Feeding large numbers in livestock at a high density in pens or barns |
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Aquaculture |
Farming of aquatic organisms |
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Soil |
Complex mixture of weathered rock material, partially decomposed organic molecules with a host of living organisms, water & atmosphere |
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Soil Surface (Top Soil) |
Soil just below the litter layer |
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Subsoil |
Layer of soil beneath the topsoil that has lower organic content & higher concentrations of fine mineral particles |
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Soil Horizon |
Horizontal layers that reveals soil's history |
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Soil Profile |
Cross section view of soil, revealing the soil's history |
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O Horizon |
Surface horizon; contains leaf litter & decomposed organic material |
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E Horizon |
Layer subject to leaching by eluviation |
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A Horizon |
Topsoil; a mixture of mineral particles & organic materials |
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B Horizon |
Subsoil; layer of soil beneath the top soil that has lower organic content & higher concentrations of fine mineral particles |
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C Horizon |
Weathered rock fragments with little organic materials |
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Parent Material |
Lower most layer; original parent material of soil |
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Erosion |
Wearing away & removal of rock & soil particles from exposed surfaces |
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Sheet Erosion |
Peeling off thin layers of soil from land surface |
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Rill Erosion |
Removal of thin layers of soil at little rivulets of running water gathered & cut small channels in soil |
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Gully Erosion |
Removal of layers of soil creating channels too large to be removed by normal tillage operations |
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Streambank Erosion |
Erosion that occurs along edges of streams |
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Desertification |
Denuding & degrading a once fertile land |
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Waterlogging |
Water saturation of soil that fill air spectacles & cause plant roots to die from lack of oxygen |
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Salinization |
Process where mineral salts accumulate in soil killing plants |
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Organophosphates |
Organic molecules which a phosphate group is attached |
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Neurotoxin |
Toxic substance that specifically poison nerve cells |
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Chlorinated Hydrocarbons |
Hydrocarbon molecules where Cl atoms are attached |
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Green Revolution |
Laboratory manipulation of genetic material using molecular biology |
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Genetically Modified Organisms |
(GMO) organisms created by combining natural or synthetic genes using techniques of molecular biology |
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Sustainable Agriculture |
Ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just agricultural system |
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Regenerative Farming |
Farming techniques that restore health of soil by rotating crops |
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Perennial Species |
Plants that grow for more than 2 years |
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Contour Plowing |
Plowing along hill contours |
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Strip Farming |
Planting different kinds of crops in strips along land contours |
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Terrancing |
Shaping land to create level shelves of earth to hold water & soil |
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Cover Crops |
Plants that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold & protect soil |
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Reducing Tillage Systems |
Farming methods that preserve soil & save energy & water through reduced cultivation |
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Conserve Till |
Uses Coulter to open a furrow wide enough for planting |
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Shade - grown |
(Coffee & cocoa) plants grown under a canopy of taller trees that provide habitat for birds & other wildlife |
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Locavore |
Person who consumes locally produced food |
