Chapter 7 And 8

Front 1

The process By which solar energy is trapped and stored as chemical energy in the bonds of organic molecules such as sugar

Back 1

Photosynthesis

Front 2

Where photosynthesis takes place; most of which are contained within leaf cells

Back 2

Chloroplast

Front 3

Layer of transparent cells in the lower and upper surfaces of a leaf

Back 3

Epidermis

Front 4

Transparent, waxy, waterproof covering that reduces the evaporation of water from the leaf. Covers outer surface of both epidermal layers.

Back 4

Cuticle

Front 5

Adjustable pores in the epidermis where a leaf obtains CO2

Back 5

Stomata (single-stoma)

Front 6

Layers of cell inside the leaf; contains most of a leaf's chloroplasts and, consequently, photosynthesis occurs principally in these cells

Back 6

Mesophyll

Front 7

Form veins in the leaf, supply water and minerals to the mesophyll cells and carry the sugars they produce to other parts of the plant

Back 7

Vascular bundles

Front 8

Cells that surround vascular bundles in leaf and lack chloroplasts in most cells

Back 8

Bundle sheath cells

Front 9

Semifluid medium enclosed by chrlorplasts

Back 9

Stroma

Front 10

Disk-shaped, interconnected membranous sacs

Back 10

Thylakoids

Front 11

Photosynthesis chemical reaction

Back 11

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 12

Connect the lights reactions and Calvin cycle

Back 12

Energy carrier molecules

Front 13

Chlorophyll and other molecules embedded in the membrane of the chloroplast thylakoids capture sunlight energy and convert some of it into chemical energy stored in the energy-carrier molecules ATP and NADPH. Water is split apart and the oxygen gas is released as a by-product

Back 13

Light reactions

Front 14

Enzymes in the fluid stroma located outside the thylakoids use CO2 from the atmosphere and chemical energy from the energy-carrier molecules to drive the synthesis of a three-carbon sugar that will be used to make glucose

Back 14

Calvin cycle

Front 15

Ranges from short-wavelength gamma rays, through ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, to very long-wavelength radio waves

Back 15

Electromagnetic spectrum

Front 16

Individual packets of energy which make up light and other electromagnetic waves

Back 16

Photons

Front 17

Light-absorbing molecules such as Chlorophyll

Back 17

Pigment molecules

Front 18

the key light-capturing pigment molecule in chloroplasts, strongly absorbs violet, blue, and red light, but reflects green

Back 18

chlorophyll a

Front 19

molecules in chloroplasts which absorb additional wavelengths of light energy and transfer them to chlorophyll a

Back 19

accessory pigments

Front 20

accessory pigments found in all chloroplasts which absorb blue and green light and appear mostly yellow or orange

Back 20

carotenoids

Front 21

contained on thylakoid membranes. consist of a cluster of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules surrounded by proteins

Back 21

photosystems

Front 22

pumps H+ across thylakoid membrane, building up a H+ concentration gradient. H+ then flow back down their concentration gradient through a special channel that spans the thylakoid membrane

Back 22

chemiosmosis

Front 23

channel that generates ATP from ADP and phosphate dissolved in stroma as H+ flows through channel

Back 23

ATP synthase

Front 24

occurs when O2 combines with RuBP. this wasteful process prevents Calvin cycle from producing sugar derailing Photosynthesis

Back 24

photorespiration

Front 25

ATP

Back 25

adenosine triphosphate

Front 26

first stage of glucose breakdown, produces two molecules of pyruvate

Back 26

glycolysis

Front 27

if oxygen is available in the breakdown of glucose, two pyruvate molecules are broken down into 6 carbon dioxides and six waters

Back 27

cellular respiration

Front 28

second stage of glucose breakdown when oxygen is not available. does not generate any additional energy.

Back 28

fermentation