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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
Stable psychological processes that organize experiences and shape life |
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Personality core |
-developed from early environmental experiences
Includes: 1.Perceptions of world 2.Perceptions of self 3. Morals 4. Values/ interests/ motives REFLECTION OF WHO WE ARE! |
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What part of personality is hardest to change and unaffected by context |
CORE |
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Typical responses |
Fairly predictable behaviors in ways of reacting to the environment Ex) outgoing person would be very engaging and introducing themselves to strangers right away |
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What's the most easily changed aspect in personality |
Role related behaviors |
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What are the two most prominent approaches when studying personality |
1. Learning/ situational:ENVIRO
2. Dispositional/ trait :INDIVID |
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Both of the learning and dispositional approached are termed as what kind of perspective |
INTERACTIONIST |
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What is the biological theory is personality referred to as |
Constitutional theory-body type |
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Greeks and personality |
Focused on bodily fluids -balance -excess |
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Ectomorph |
Tall, linearity, leanness cerebrontonia |
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Cerebrontonia personality type |
Tense Introverted Social restrained |
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Endomorph body type |
Plumpness Fatness Roundness visceratonia |
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Visceratonia personality type |
Affectionate Sociable Relaxed Jovial |
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Mesomorphic |
Classic inverted triangle Muscular shoulders Small hips Athletic body Somatonia |
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Somatonia personality type |
Adventurous Risk taking Dominant Aggressive |
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Trait theories consist of what... |
1.Facet traits-specific so moody, anxious, worried
2.General traits-neurotic |
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Eysencks personality theory |
Proposed relationships between traits Subordinate trait dimensions |
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What were the three subordinate dimensions |
1. Extraversion-introversion 2. Neuroticism-stable 3. Psychoticism-superego |
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Neuroticism-stability associated with what part of Brain |
Limbic system-emotional Brain And autonomic system High neurotic people have longer lasting autonomic reactions |
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Psychoticism-superego is classified as what kind of what personality type, and driven by what |
Psychoticism-impulsive, aggressive, hostile, egocentric, impersonal, tough minded
Superego-empathetic co-operative
Driven by hormonal function- by elevated androgen (testosterone) and absence of serotonin=poor NT functioning which is important for mental health |
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Extraverted |
More likely to adopt PA regimen plus also has higher pain tolerance than introverts
Weaker relationship with measures of self reported efforts as exercise increases
Influence behaviors ppl might engage in to regulate mood |
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Neuroticism |
Inversely related to exercise frequency
Influence ppls behaviors to regulate mood |
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Does personality change as a result to PA |
Yes it does change, increase extraversion and decrease in neuroticism |
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Carter Personality Theory |
16 personalities Factor analysis
Developed 16 factor personality questionnaire |
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What were the major conceptual problems with research regarding 16PF |
Difficulty in interpreting the complicated feelings |
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Two major dimensions of Carter 's theory |
Extraversion-introversion
Neuroticism-stability |
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Morgan |
Emphasis on secondary factors relationships to primary factors rather then just primary factors themselves |
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E, N, C |
Related to excercise adherence |
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E and C |
Positively related to both moderate to strenuous exercise behavior |
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N |
Significant predictor of exercise adherence, with greater levels of N predicting lower levels of adherence
Negatively Related to... Exercise adherence Self reported exercise Adaptive exercise patterns Advanced exercise stages Positively Related to... Exercise dependence |
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Proposed that key personality trait is a sub trait (facet) of what |
Extraversion-activity Trait-busy and energetic |
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C |
Positively Related to.... Self reported exercise Adaptive exercise patterns Advanced exercise stages |
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E |
Positively Related to..... Moderate and strenuous exercise Self report Adaptive patterns Advanced exercise stages Exercise dependence |
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A |
Negatively related to
Exercise dependence |
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Limitation- what are the small to moderate relationships between physical activity and extraversion |
1. Awareness of internal cues relies on different mechanisms than exteroceptive cues
2. Most of the available self report measures of E asses exteroceptive stimuli not interoceptive |
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Overcome limitation |
Presented constructs of intensity preference And Intensity tolerance Determine the traits of these constructs |
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What helps us better understand the physical activity/dropout phenomenon |
The objective of developing such individual constructs Intensity preference Intensity tolerance |
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What are two important implications for exercise behavior/prescription |
Masculinity Femininity Expressed independent from each other so an individual so individual can posses both |
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Instrumental personality |
Masculine Traits= risk taking, aggressive, independence, aggressiveness and competitiveness |
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Expressive personality |
Feminine Traits= understanding, sympathy, affection, compassion |
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Androgynous |
Scored both high in masc and fem |
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Undifferentiated |
Low on both masc and fem dimensions |
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Gender roles and exercise (fem) |
Women tend to avoid masculine activities when given a choice |
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Feminine typed males |
Higher ratings of perceived exertion and greater negative affect than masc and androgynous types |
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Personality traits and psychological discomfort predispose.... |
An individual to avoid exercise all together or have negative experiences from exercise |
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Type A behavior pattern |
Action emotion complex that can observed in any person is aggressively involved in chronic struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time
Striving for achievement Competitiveness Sense of time urgency Aggressiveness Preoccupation with deadlines Impatience Hostility hard driving attitude Hyper alertness |
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TABP referred to as... |
Coronary-prone personalities Exercise beneficial for this
Lower adherence rates to exercise programs than type b
Exert greater effort causing greater level of psychological activation during exercise |
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TABP place individual of greater risk of disease and has a personality construct of |
Hardiness |
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Hardiness referred to as... |
Dispositional resilience Stress buffering |
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Hardiness is theorized to comprise |
Sense of control over events
Commitment dedication or involvement in life
Perceive life events as challenges and opportunities rather than stressors
Tendency to engage in more healthy behaviors |
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Dishman proposed what |
Psychobiological model |
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Psychobiological model |
An attempt to explain exercise adherence Bio factors -body comp and mass Psychological - self motivation |
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PB model |
Adherence Negatively related to body fat and mass
Positively related to self motivation
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