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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviance |
behavior that violates society's standards -positive deviance: above -negative deviance: below |
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social control |
strategies employed for preventing deviant human behavior -parents -peer groups -companies -government |
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sanctions |
punishments & rewards |
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Milgram's Experiment (authority figures) |
-teacher administered increasing painful electric shocks to a "student" -two-thirds "teachers" fell into category of (obedient subjects) |
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functionalist perspective |
-Durkheim's Legacy -anomie: loss of direction when social controls have become ineffective |
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Merton's Theory of Deviance |
anomie theory of deviance: how people adapt by deviating from cultural expectations |
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innovator |
Goals: + Means: - |
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Conflict Perspective |
people with power define deviance to suit their needs |
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differential justice |
-saints & roughnecks - Chambliss~ social classes |
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informal social control |
used casually to enforce norms |
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formal (sanction) social control |
"agents" carried out by "authorized" |
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interactionist perspective |
cultural transmission: human learn in social situations, properly or improperly (Edwin Sutherland) -social constructionist theory: -deviance- product of the sub-culture -focus on processes that create the deviant identity -(labeling theory) |
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differential association |
exposure to attitudes favorable to deviant facts |
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labeling theory |
some people are not viewed as deviants; others are not |
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societal-reaction approach |
(saints & roughnecks) same as labeling |
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crime |
learned violations of laws |
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victimless crimes |
prostitution, illegally gambling, drug use, etc. |
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white-collar |
business activities |
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social inequality |
different amounts of wealth, prestige, power, privilege (WPPP) |
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stratification |
ranking based on WPPP |
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income |
salaries & wages |
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wealth |
all a person's material |
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social capital |
affluent families pass on WPPP |
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ascribed status |
assigned by society |
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four forms of stratification |
1. slavery: individuals treated/are property 2. castes: hereditary ranks that are fixed & immobile 3. estates: "peasants" work in exchange for protection & other services 4. social classes: based on WPPP |
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Karl Marx's view of class differentiation |
social relations depend on who controls the primary mode of production |
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capitalism |
MOP in private hands for profits |
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bourgeoisie |
capitalist class; control MOP |
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class conciousness |
awareness of vested interests & need social action to bring change |
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false conciousness |
attitudes held by members of a class that does not reflect their objective position |
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Max Weber's view of stratification |
no single characteristic defines a person's position within the stratification system |
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class |
group of people who have similar level of wealth & power |
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status group |
people who have prestige |
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power |
ability to exercise one's will over others |
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conflict view |
struggle over scarce resources such as WPPP |
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objective method |
class largely viewed as a statistical category -education -occupation -income -place of residence |
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prestige |
respect that an occupation holds in society |
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racial group |
set apart by obvious physical differences |
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ethnic group |
set apart by national or cultural factors |
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one drop rule |
one drop of African blood, you're considered african |
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stereotype |
all are the same |
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ethnic group |
national or cultural origin |
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minority group |
subordinated by significantly less power (women) |
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prejudice |
negative attitude toward an entire category of people |
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racism |
belief that one's race is supreme |
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hate crime |
offenders bias, against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin or sexual orientation |
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genocide |
deliberate systematic killing of an entire people or nation |
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institutional discrimination |
unequal treatment due to normal operations of organizations in society (walmart) |
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pluralism |
mutual respect in a society for one another cultures |
