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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know what it means for reactions to be coupled (endergonic and exergonic) |
Endergonic and exergonic reactions always occur together |
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What is the major energy currency of the cell? |
ATP |
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Be able to articulate what happens in ATP hydrolysis |
You take an atp and a water to create ADP and a P that releases energy |
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Reduction |
the gain of one or more electrons/hydrogens |
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Oxidation |
the loss of one or more electrons/hydrogens |
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Know the three major steps of cellular respiration |
1. GLYCOLYSIS 2. CITRIC ACID CYCLE 3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN |
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Know where each step takes place |
Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm Citric acid cycle happens in mitochondrial matrix Electron transport chain- inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Know how many steps are in glycolysis |
10 |
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Understand the beginning reactants of glycolysis and know what steps require ATP input |
Glucose. 1,3 |
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Understand the products of glycolysis and know which steps make ATP and NADH and how many are produced |
Pyruvate. 7 and 10 make ATP, 6 makes NADH |
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Be able to describe what occurs at each step of glycolysis in terms of gaining/losing phosphate, rearranging, etc. |
Flow chart |
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Know which steps are oxidation/reduction reactions and which are oxidative phosphorylation |
Whenever you lose Whenever we create an ATP |
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Know what happens in pyruvate oxidation occurs |
Acetyl Pyruvate becomes Acetyl CoA. loses C’s |
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Be able to describe what products are created from this reaction |
Oxidation reduction. CO2, NADH |
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Know the starting reactants of the citric acid cycle |
Oxaloacetate, Acetyl CoA |
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Know what happens at each step of the cycle (drawing) |
Look at picture |
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Know which steps create energy storage molecules (NADH, FADH2, ATP/GTP) |
NADH gets made at step 3, 4, and 8 FADH2 gets made at step 6GTP gets made at step 5 |
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Know which steps create CO2 |
CO2 gets made at 3 and 4 |
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Know why it is considered a cycle |
Because we end with oxaloacetate and that is what it needs to start |
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Know how NADH and FADH2 help establish the Hydrogen ion concentration gradient |
NADH and FADH2 donate their H and an electron to make ATP |
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Know what role electrons play in the electron transport chain. |
Electrons provide energy to open the protein channels so hydrogen can be passed through |
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know how many H+ are needed to make 1 ATP |
3 hydrogens to make 1 |
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Know where the water is generated from in ATP synthesis |
Water is created from the hydrogens as they cross back through the plasma membrane and join with oxygen |
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Know some factors that can affect how many ATP are generated by cellular respiration |
Organisms don’t always start with glucose and sometimes this process gets disrupted partway through |
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Know what it means that cellular respiration is aerobic respiration |
It requires oxygen to happen |
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Know what is means for respiration to anaerobic? |
When cells don’t have the oxygen they need |
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What does fermentation means occurs chemically? |
Fermentation is what cells do when they don’t have oxygen (anaerobic respiration) |
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Where does the lactic acid in lactic acid fermentation come from? |
Pyruvate at the end of glycolysis |
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What part of cellular respiration occur in lactic acid fermentation? |
Only glycolysis |
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How much energy is produced in one cycle of lactic acid fermentation? |
2 ATP, 2 NADH but they get used up |
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What products does alcohol fermentation create? |
Ethyl (ethanol) |
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How can the rate of cellular respiration be regulated? |
Enzymes can activate or stop |
