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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 types of bones? |
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
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What is the definition of a short bone? |
A bone that is equal in length and width. |
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What is the definition of a flat bone? |
Composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone. |
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What is the definition of an irregular bone? |
Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the other 3 catagories. |
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What is the definition of a sesamoid bone? |
Develops in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension, or physical stress. They are not always completely ossified. |
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What is the definition of a long bone? |
Greater length than width and consist of a shaft and ends. |
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What are examples of long bones? |
Femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius, phalangies, humerus |
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What are examples of short bones? |
Carpals & tarsals |
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What are examples of flat bones? |
Sternum, ribs, scapula |
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What are examples of irregular bones? |
Vertebrae, calcaneus (heel bone) certain facial bones |
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What is the most common example of a sesamoid bone? |
Patella |
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What is a sutural bone? |
Small bones located within the sutures of cranial bones |
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What is another name for sutural bone? |
Wormian bones |
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Fissure |
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass. |
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Foramen |
Hole or opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass |
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Fossa |
Indentation or shallow depression |
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Condyle |
(Knuckle) Large, round protuberance at the end of a bone |
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Facet |
Smooth, flat articular surface only in vertebrae |
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Epicondyle |
Projection above a condyle |
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Spinous process |
(Spikes) sharp and slender projections |
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What bones make up the eye orbit? 3C 4F |
Frontal, sphenoid,ethmoid, maxilla,zygomatic,lacrimal, palantine |
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What bones make up the paranasal sinus? 3C 1F |
Frontal,sphenoid,ethmoid, maxilla |
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What bones and cartilage make up the nasal septum? 1F 1C |
Vomer, ethmoid, septal cartilage (hyaline) |
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What are the four sutures? |
Sagittal, coronal,lambdoid, squamous |
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The suture that runs from parietal to parietal is what? |
Sagittal |
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The suture that runs from frontal to parietal is what? |
Coronal |
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The suture that runs from occipital to parietal is what? (Lay down) |
Lambdoid |
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The suture that runs from temporal to parietal is what? |
Squamous |
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What are the 4 characteristics of the frontal bone? |
Eye orbit, supraorbital margin & foramen, nasal sinus |
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What do the parietal bones make up? |
The roof of the skull |
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What 5 characteristics make up the temporal bone? (Ear) |
mandibular fossa, Zigomatic, mastoid & styloid process, petrous portion |
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What 5 characteristics make up the occipital bone? |
Foramen magnum, occipital condyle, AO joint, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae |
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What 4 characteristics make up the sphenoid aka Keystone |
Sphenoidal sinus, sella turcica, eye orbit, pterygoid processes |
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What 6 characteristics make up the ethmoid bone? (Nose) |
Eye orbit, ethmoidal sinus, perpendicular plate, cribiform plate, cristi galli, nasal conchae |
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What makes up the nasal bones? |
Bridge of the nose |
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What 4 characteristics make up the maxilla aka Keystone? |
Eye orbit, alveolar processes, infraorbital foramen, maxillary sinus |
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Why is the maxilla the Keystone of the face? |
Every bone touches it except for the mandible. |
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What 3 characteristics make up th3 zygomatic bones? |
Cheek bones, eye orbit, temporal process (zygomatic arch) |
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Which bone is known for it's diamond shape? |
Zygomatic |
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What 3 characteristics make up the lacrimal bones? |
Eye orbit, smallest bone in face, tears |
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What 2 characteristics make up the palantine? |
Hard palate, eye orbit |
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What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae? |
Warms air and filters it |
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What are the 2 characteristics of the vomer? |
Plow shaped, nasal septum, |
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What are the 5 characteristics of the mandible? |
Only movable bone in the skull, has an angle, body and ramus, condylar process, coronoid process, alveolar process |
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What is the function of the paranasal sinuses? |
Lighten the skull |
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What is the function of the fontanels? |
Provides flexibility to the fetal skull and helps doctors gauge the degree of brain development. |
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What are the characteristics of the hyoid bone? |
It doesn't articulate with any other bone, it's suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bone by ligament and muscles, supports the tongue, provides attachment sites for some tongue muscles and muscles of the neck and pharynx |
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What does the hyoid bone consist of? |
Lesser and greater horns and a body |
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What are the characteristics of the primary curve? |
Thoracic/sacral utero |
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What are the characteristics of the secondary curve? |
Cervical/lumbar Adult |
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How many vertebrae in an adult and how many in a child? |
33 in child and 26 in adults |
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Why does the vertebral column have curves? |
Increase strength, maintain balance, absorb shocks from walking and protect vertebrae from fracture what is |
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What are the bodies between the vertebrae called? |
Intervertebral discs |
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What is the outer ring of fibrocartilage of an intervertebral discs called? |
Annulus fibrosus |
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What is the inner soft, pulp, highly elastic substance of a intervertebral discs called? |
Nucleus pulposus |
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Which ribs are true ribs? |
1-7 |
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Which ribs are false ribs? |
8-10 |
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Which ribs are floating ribs? |
11-12 |
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All cervical vertebrae have what 3 foramen? |
One vertebral foramen and two transverse foramen |
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What is another name for C1? |
Atlas |
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What is another name for C2? |
Axis |
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What is a special characteristic of C2? |
It contains a peglike process called the dens or odontoid process that connects through the vertebral foramen to the atlas. |
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The sacrum articulates with the ilium of the hip bone to form what joint? |
Sacroiliac joint |
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The superior articular process of the sacrum articulates with L5 to form what joint? |
Lumbosacral joint |
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What 3 parts make up the sternum? |
Manubrium, body and xiphoid process |
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What is scoliosis? |
Lateral bending of the vertebral column usually in the thoracic and lumbar regions. |
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What is kyphosis? |
Hump; an exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column |
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What is lordosis? |
Hollow back; Exaggeration of the lumbar curve. |
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What is spina bifida? |
Congenital defect of the vertebral column in which laminate of L5 and or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline |
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What is a laminectomy? |
Surgical procedure to remove a vertebral lamina. |
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What is spinal fusion? |
Surgical procedure in which 2 or more vertebrae are stabilized with a bone graft or synthetic device |
