Chapter 7

Front 1

angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o

Back 1

vessel

Front 2

aort/o

Back 2

aorta

Front 3

arteri/o

Back 3

artery

Front 4

ather/o

Back 4

fatty (lipid) paste

Front 5

atri/o

Back 5

atrium

Front 6

cardi/o

Back 6

heart

Front 7

coron/o

Back 7

circle
crown

Front 8

my/o

Back 8

muscle

Front 9

pector/o
steth/o

Back 9

chest

Front 10

sphygm/o

Back 10

pulse

Front 11

thrombo

Back 11

clot

Front 12

ven/o
phleb/o

Back 12

vein

Front 13

varic/o

Back 13

swollen, twisted vein

Front 14

ventricul/o

Back 14

ventricle (belly or pouch)

Front 15

atrium

Back 15

upper right and left chambers of the heart

Front 16

endocardium

Back 16

membrance lining the cavities of the heart

Front 17

epicardium

Back 17

membrane forming the outer layer of the heart

Front 18

interatrial septum

Back 18

partition between right and left atrium

Front 19

interventricular spetum

Back 19

partition between right and left ventricle

Front 20

myocardium

Back 20

heart muscle

Front 21

pericardium

Back 21

protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid inbetween

Front 22

parietal pericardium

Back 22

outer layer

Front 23

pericardial cavity

Back 23

fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers

Front 24

visceral percardium

Back 24

layer closest to the heart

Front 25

ventricle

Back 25

lower right and left chambers of the heart

Front 26

heart valves

Back 26

structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood

Front 27

aortic valve

Back 27

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

Front 28

mitral or bicuspid valve

Back 28

heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Front 29

pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 29

heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Front 30

tricuspid valve

Back 30

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Front 31

valves of the veins

Back 31

valves located at intervals within the lining of the veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart

Front 32

arteries

Back 32

vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles

Front 33

aorta

Back 33

large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle

Front 34

arterioles

Back 34

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

Front 35

capillaries

Back 35

tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

Front 36

venules

Back 36

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

Front 37

veins

Back 37

vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

Front 38

systemic circulation

Back 38

circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and beins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

Front 39

coronary circulation

Back 39

circulation of bloodt through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue

Front 40

pulmonary circulation

Back 40

circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases

Front 41

diastole

Back 41

to expand; period in the caridac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria

Front 42

systole

Back 42

to contract; period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and the blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery

Front 43

normotension

Back 43

normal blood pressure

Front 44

hypotension

Back 44

low blood pressure

Front 45

hypertension

Back 45

high blood pressure

Front 46

sinoatrial node
SA

Back 46

the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wal of the right atrium, responsible for intiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node

Front 47

atrioventricular node
AV

Back 47

neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His

Front 48

bundle of His

Back 48

neurological fibers, extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches, that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers

Front 49

Purkinje fibers

Back 49

fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract

Front 50

polarization

Back 50

resting; resting state of a myocardial cell

Front 51

depolarization

Back 51

change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting)state to a state of contraction

Front 52

repolarization

Back 52

recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state

Front 53

normal sinus rhythm
NSR

Back 53

regular rhythym of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node

Front 54

arteriosclerosis

Back 54

thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the artery walls

Front 55

artherosclerosis

Back 55

buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries

Front 56

atheromatous plaque

Back 56

a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat

Front 57

thrombus

Back 57

a stationary blood clot

Front 58

embolus

Back 58

a clot carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges

Front 59

stenosis

Back 59

condition of narrowing of a part

Front 60

constriction

Back 60

compression of a part

Front 61

occlusion

Back 61

plugging; obstruction or a closing off

Front 62

ischemia

Back 62

to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel

Front 63

perfusion deficit

Back 63

a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc.

Front 64

infarct

Back 64

to stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel

Front 65

angina pectoris

Back 65

chest pain caused by a temporary loss of ozygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries

Front 66

aneurysm

Back 66

a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness

Front 67

saccular

Back 67

a sac like bulge on one side

Front 68

fusiform

Back 68

a spindle shaped bulge

Front 69

dissecting

Back 69

a split or tear of the vessel wall

Front 70

claudication

Back 70

to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply

Front 71

diaphoresis

Back 71

profuse sweating

Front 72

heart murmur

Back 72

an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves

Front 73

palpitation

Back 73

subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats

Front 74

vegetation

Back 74

to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis

Front 75

arrhythmia
dysrhythmia

Back 75

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 76

bradycardia

Back 76

slow heart rate

Front 77

fibrillation

Back 77

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

Front 78

flutter

Back 78

extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart

Front 79

heart block

Back 79

an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block

Front 80

premature ventricular contraction
PVC

Back 80

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse intiated by the SA node

Front 81

tachycardia

Back 81

fast heart rate

Front 82

arteriosclerotic heart disease
ASHD

Back 82

a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture

Front 83

bacterial endocarditis

Back 83

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

Front 84

cardiac tamponade

Back 84

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a clood vessel within the heart

Front 85

cardiomyopathy

Back 85

a general term for disease of the heart muscle

Front 86

congenital anomaly of the heart

Back 86

malformations of the heart present at birth

Front 87

atrial septal defect
ASD

Back 87

an opening int he sptum separating the atria

Front 88

coarctation of the aorta

Back 88

narrowing of the descending partion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

Front 89

patent ductus arteriosus
PDA

Back 89

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth

Front 90

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 90

an anomaly that consists of four defects; pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy-causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation sot he deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation resulting in cyanosis

Front 91

ventricular septal defect
VSD

Back 91

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

Front 92

congestive heart failure
CHF

Back 92

failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

Front 93

cor pulmonale
right ventricular failure

Back 93

a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs