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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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the smalled piece of an element
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nucleus
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made of protons(+) and neutrons(no charge)
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electrons
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orbit around nucleus(-)
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atomic mass
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the protons + neutrons
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shell
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a limited cloudlike space surrounding the nucleus where electrons orbit
1st shell=2 eletrons 2nd shell=8 electrons |
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atomic number
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number of protons in the nucleus
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atomic theory
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repeated observations of how atoms act in experiments
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chemical symbols
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abbreviations for the names of elements
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periodic table of the elements
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table with elements in order, row, and columns based on chemical and physical properties
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periods
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horizontal rows of the periodic table
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groups
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vertical columns of the periodic table (all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell)
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families
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possess similar chemical properties and react similarly with other elements
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molecules
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atoms join with other atoms to form units
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chemical change or reaction
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usually produce compounds (new substance)
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chemical formula
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chemical symbols and numbers to abbreviate the name of a compound (think H2O)
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synthesis reaction
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new substances are formed
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decomposition reaction
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compounds break apart
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single replacement reaction
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one element replaces another
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double replacement reaction
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two elements switch places
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covalent bond
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bonds that occur when atoms share pairs of electrons -by sharing electrons fill outer shells of both atoms
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ion
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an atom that has gained or lost electrons
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positive ion
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atoms has given away electrons from outer shell
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negative ion
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atom has gained electrons to fill outer shell
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ionic bonds
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positive and negative charged ions attract to form this bond
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endothermic reaction
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uses heat energy-so temperature decreases
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exothermic reaction
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produces heat-raises heat
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acids
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have sour taste, can dissolve metals, help digest food
0-6.9 |
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bases
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bitter taste, feel slippery
7.1-14 |
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neutral
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7.0 on ph scale-not acidic or basic
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indicator
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substances that change color when exposed to acids or bases
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