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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the two primary treatment modalities?
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surgical resection
radiotx w/ or w/o chemo OR a combo of those two |
251
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Each type of treatment may affect _.
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degluttion
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251
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small tumors are treated with
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radiotx alone or
surgery alone |
251
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radiation tx in the oral cavity may be by implant into the gross tumor, external _ methods, or _.
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beam
both |
251
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larger tumors in the oral cavity may be treated w/ :
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combined modalities
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251
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organ preservations protocols
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radiotx plus or minus chemotx; designed to attempt to reduce morbidity by preserving the pt's oropharyngeal structures and function
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251
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chemotx for head and neck cancer pt's is an adjuvant experimental treatment designed to:
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attempt to control regional and metastatic disease, rather than a preimary tx designed to eradicate the tumor itself.
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251
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When surgery is used in the oral cavity, the general rule is that the malignant tumor must be resected along with a margine of at least _ to _ cm of normal tissue.
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1.5
2.0 |
252
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When only one structure is resected, the surgery is known as:
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simple resection
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252
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When more than one structure is resected, the surgery is known as:
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composite resection
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252
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What is the ONE MAJOR ruleof cancer surgery?
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No ablative surgical procedure should be compromised because of the desire to maintain the patient's function.
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252
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Radiotx tends to _ tissue and make _ after surgery more _.
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devascularize
healing difficult |
252
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The full course of radiotherapy lasts for _ to _ weeks to a dose of _ to _ cGy.
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5 to 6
6,000 to 7,000 |
252
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Postoperative radiotherapy begins:
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4 to 6 weeks after surgery
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252
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Dental extractions after radiotherapy can put the pt at risk for _ of the mandible.
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osteoradionecrosis
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253
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osteoradionecrosis of the mandible is
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a condition in which portions of the mandible become infected and gradually break from the main body of the mandible to extrude or protrude through the soft tissue
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253
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Tumors in the oral cavity are staged according to _ and _.
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size
location |
253
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TNM stands for
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T - tumor size
N - nodal status M - presence or absence of metastasis |
253
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T1 is the _
T4 is the _ |
smallest
largest |
253
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Tumors of the oral cavity most often occur in what 7 regions?
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hard palate
soft palate base of tongue lateral floor of mouth or lateral alveolar ridge tonsil anterior floor of mouth tongue |
254
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A radical neck dissection removes:
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the submandibular lymph nodes, the lymph nodes in the neck, and the sternocleidomastoid and omohyoid muscles; C11 is often sacrificed
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256
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A modified radical neck dissection generally:
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spares the spinal accessory nerve
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257
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A tumor in the tonsil or base of tongue area is usually classified as:
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in the oropharyngeal region
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259
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What is primary closure?
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used with resection of tissue i.e. soft tissues remaining are simply pulled together and sutured
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260
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A flap is:
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a piece of tissue that has been elevated or raised away from its normal site
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260
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Flaps are divided into what two parts?
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local
distal |
260
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A local flap is
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one that uses tissue in an area close to the surgical defect
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260
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Name two popular flaps
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skin flap
myocutaneous flap |
260
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A skin flap consists of
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skin and subcutaneous tissue that is moved from one part of the body to another
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261
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Skin flaps are taken from
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the neck
shoulder nasolabial fold |
261
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A myocutaneous flap includes:
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muscle and overlying skin
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261
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Myocutaneous flaps are taken from
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pectoralis major
platysma trapizeus |
261
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What is a microvascular free tissue transfer or graft?
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microsurgical techn used to transplant tissue from far parts of the body into the oral cavity with veins and arteries anastomosed or attached carefully to blood supply at the site
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261
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What is being used to attempt to improve a pt's postoperative function? (2)
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innervated grafts
sensate flaps |
262
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Oral cancer pts eperience changes in:
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salviary flow
speech swallowing |
263
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W/radiotx, the pt experiences changes in:
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swallowing
mucositis reduced salivary flow |
263
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Swallowing disorders may be caused by: (2)
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reduced salivary flow
intraoral sensory loss |
263
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When are suture lines healed sufficiently to enable aggressive exercies?
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10-14 days after surgery
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265
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_ and _ reahabilitation is critical to the successful functioning of head and neck cancer patients.
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early
active |
268
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the 2 most important pieces of info to understand the oral cancer pt's swallowing difficulites are:
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1. the exact nature and extent of the resection that was necessary to totally remove the tumor
2. the exact nature of the reconstruction of the oral cavity |
268-69
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pt's w/ small surgeries limited to the tongue along with primary closure have swallowing difficulties _ in nature
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temporary
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269
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Mucositis
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sores in the mouth
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274
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