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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the MAGNA CARTA?
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"GREAT CHARTER" created in England in 1215 required the King to OBSERVE THE RIGHTS OF FREEMEN.
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What were the English "COMMON LAWS"?
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Traditional CUSTOMS AND LAWS based on EARLIER COURT DECISIONS.
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Why were the HOUSE OF BURGESSES and the MAYFLOWER COMPACT needed in the Colonies?
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1. Colonists WANTED A SAY i making laws that affected them;
2. They were FAR FROM ENGLISH GOVERNMENT and needed local rules and order. |
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Who had the real power in the colonies?
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ENGLISH PARLIAMENT (all laws applied to colonists) and ROYAL GOVERNORS (appointed by the King).
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What was BACON'S REBELLION?
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The FIRST MAJOR CHALLENGE to ENGLISH AUTHORITY. A VIRGINA tobacco PLANTER; organized over 300 colonists who ATTACKED AND KILLED 300 INDIANS. Governor UNABLE TO SQUASH BACON's group. BACON TOOK CONTROL of VA. but HANGED BACON'S FOLLOWERS. King FIRED GOVERNOR BERKELEY.
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What was the lasting effect of Bacon's Rebellion?
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The HOUSE OF BURGESSES passed laws so NO ROYAL GOVERNOR COULD BECOME SUCH A TYRANT. Today we can IMPEACH a Governor.
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When King Charles ABOLISHED the colonial ASSEMBLIES and APPOINTED WILLIAM ANDROS of the DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND, why didn't the colonists need to rebel?
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Because King Charles was OVERTHROWN by WILLIAM (of Orange) AND MARY from the Netherlands
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What two things did "THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION" make clear in England?
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1. Government BASED ON LAW (not King's whims);
2. King's AUTHORITY came from PARLIAMENT (not God). |
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What was the English BILL OF RIGHTS?
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Passed by Parliament in 1689 TO MAKE RIGHTS CLEAR.
(No taxes w/o Parliament's consent; free speech, jury trial, right to bear arms, etc.) |
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What were colonial governments like in the 1700's?
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Each colony had:
ROYAL GOVERNOR ELECTED ASSEMBLY APPOINTED COUNCIL VOTERS: white, male, 21+, Protestant, landowners |
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What powers did ROYAL GOVERNORS have?
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VETO laws made by assemblies, DISMISS assemblies, APPOINT judges. ANSWERED to the CROWN ONLY - not responsible to colonists.
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What was the ZENGER TRIAL?
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ZENGER: German immigrant, owned NEW YORK WEEKLY JOURNAL that printed article critical of the Government.
WILLIAM COSBY - unethical, unfair Governor of NY. WILLIAM MORRIS - Judge FIRED BY COSBY for criticizing him. ANDREW HAMILTON - defended Zenger when arrested for SEDITIOUS LIBEL. Defense led to JURY NULLIFICATION. |
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What is JURY NULLIFICATION?
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Jury finds defendent NOT GUILTY EVEN IF COMMITTED ACTS ACCUSED OF. Jury is judge of LAW AND FACTS. Led to FREEDOM OF THE PRESS.
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Name the regions of Colonial America.
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NEW ENGLAND Colonies
MIDDLE Colonies SOUTHERN Colonies BACKCOUNTRY (in each region) |
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Why were rice and tobacco the major products in the Southern colonies?
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The warm climate.
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What is a PLANTATION ECONOMY and why did it take hold in the South?
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It DEPENDS ON EXPORTS and SLAVERY FOR LABOR. Rice and tobacco require LOTS OF MANPOWER to cultivate. Indians were too sick to use.
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Who was WILLIAM TUCKER?
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The FIRST BLACK CHILD born in America (1624).
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Why did the system of INDENTURED BLACK SERVANTS change to the SLAVERY we are familiar with?
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Virginian leaders/planters were CAVALIERS (like feudal lords) used to having ESTATES worked by LABORERS.
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What is PRIMOGENITURE and how did it influence immigration to the southern colonies?
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OLDEST child INHERITS LAND. Second and third children came to America to get land and create the type of estate culture of England.
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Who was OLAUDAH EQUIANO?
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African SLAVE who WROTE HIS LIFE STORY, including the horrible, cruel treatment during THE MIDDLE PASSAGE (crossing the Atlantic in a slave boat) and DANCING THE SLAVE.
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How did the ELITE PLANTER CLASS come to own all of the land along the seaboard in the southern colonies?
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SMALLER LANDOWNERS with just a few indentured servants COULDN'T COMPETE & gave up their land or moved West.
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Why did southern plantation owners specifically want slaves from AFRICA?
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The KNOWLEDGE TO GROW RICE came from AFRICA - draining swamps, building dikes, etc.
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Who was ELIZ LUCAS?
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Grew BEST INDIGO in the region.
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Compare life as the slave of a SMALL plantation owner with a LARGE plantation owner.
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Small: planter and slave worked and slept SIDE BY SIDE.
Large: slaves worked in groups of slaves, BACKBREAKING work, 14 hr days. |
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What were SLAVE CODES?
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HARSH LAWS controlling slaves to PREVENT UPRISINGS.
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Where were the traditional religions and customs of the slaves preserved?
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In the SLAVE QUARTERS.
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Why did fishing become so important in New England?
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1. WOOD for ships was plentiful and 2. the fishing industry encouraged more and more SHIPBUILDING and therefore TRADE
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What New Englanders were WHALERS?
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The QUAKERS and NATTIC INDIANS on NANTUCKET
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What did whalers do when they weren't at sea?
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They worked as COOPERS (barrel makers)
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What products did whales provide?
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BLUBBER for making OIL & CANDLES and WHALEBONE for UMBRELLAS, CORSETS & HAIRBRUSHES
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Describe a boy's life on Nantucket.
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SCHOOL til 12, 2 years APPRENTICE to a cooper, GO TO SEA at 14.
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Explain what a TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE is.
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Carrying DIFFERENT GOODS on each of 3 LEGS of a journey. For example: 1. New England to Africa: rum; 2.Africa to West Indies to trade slaves for sugar & molasses; 3.West Indies to New England to trade sugar and molasses for making rum.
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What were the NAVIGATION ACTS?
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English LAWS that encouraged all trade that BENEFITTED ENGLAND at the EXPENSE OF THE COLONIES. (Colonists often ignored them and SMUGGLED goods to other places.)
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Who was EDWARD TEACH?
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BLACKBEARD, dreaded PIRATE who TERRORIZED SHIPPING off Virginia coast. Finally captured and beheaded.
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How were the PURITAN SLAVE OWNERS different from Southern slave owners?
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They treated slaves much better, gave RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION & sometimes taught them to READ & WRITE.
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Who was PHYLLIS WHEATLEY?
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A famous SLAVE POET whose book of poems was published ini 1773.
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What rights and freedoms did FREE BLACKS have in New England.
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Became MERCHANTS, SAILORS, PRINTERS, ETC. and could OWN LAND. However NOT TREATED AS EQUAL to whites - discrimination, lowest wages.
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What were women's roles in New England?
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Running the HOUSEHOLD and specialized SKILLS for the community (midwives, teaching). WIDOWS & SINGLES could go into business.
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Who was COTTON MATHER?
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New England MINISTER who started a WITCHCRAFT PANIC in 1692. Also: led campaign for SMALLPOX VACCINATIONS.
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What were the SALEM WITCH TRIALS?
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19 people HANGED FOR WITCHCRAFT, 1 STONED to death.
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What was the GREAT AWAKENING?
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A RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT that roared through the colonies, urging people to RETURN TO THEIR FAITH.
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Who were JONATHAN EDWARDS & JOHN WHITEFIELD?
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LEADERS of the ministers traveled from town to town having TENT REVIVAL MEETINGS meetings.
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What was the long-term effect of the Great Awakening?
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A new sense of EQUALITY among people, seeing EVERYONE EQUAL IN GOD'S EYES. Began calling each other "Brother" and "Sister." Reached out to African Americans and Indians.
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Why were the Middle Colonies called the BREAD BASKET COLONIES?
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1. area rich in NATURAL RESOURCES; 2. settled by IMMIGRANTS from FARMING TRADITIONS in GERMANY, HOLLAND & SWITZERLAND 3. Known especially for WHEAT PRODUCTS.
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What did the Pennsylvania Germans contribute to the history of the Middle Colonies?
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Brought strong tradition of CRAFTSMANSHIP - GUNSMITHS, IRON WORKERS, GLASS & FURNITURE MAKERS. PIONEERS moving West in CONESTOGA WAGONS.
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Why were mills so important to the colonies? What kind of mill was the most important?
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Mills PROCESSED THEIR PRODUCTS - LUMBER, PAPER, ETC. Most important were GRISTMILLS that processed WHEAT PRODUCTS which were CRUCIAL to the colonists' DIET.
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What made Philadelphia such a prosperous city?
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SHIPBUILDING - leader of all the colonies.
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What kinds improvements did Philadelphia's wealth allow it to make? Who was behind many of the improvements?
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PAVED streets, FIRE department, public LIGHTING, public BUILDINGS. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was behind much of it.
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What caused the Middle Colonies to develop a CLIMATE OF TOLERANCE?
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Settled by many DIFFERENT GROUPS, including Quakers and Dutch who believed in RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE. Attracted people from MANY NATIONS.
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