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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Domain specific knowledge
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Information that is useful in a particular situation or that applies mainly to one specific topic.
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General knowledge
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Information that is useful in many different kinds of tasks; information that applies to many situations
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Sensory memory
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System that holds sensory information briefly
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Perception
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Interpretation of sensory information
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Attention
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Focus on a stimulus
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Working memory
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the information that you are focusing on at a given moment
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Long term memory LTM
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Permanent store of knowledge
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Retrieval
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process of searching for and finding information in long term memory
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What are the strategies used for information to go from working memory to long term memory?
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1) Maintenance Rehearsal
2) Elaborative rehearsal 3)Chunking |
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Maintenance Rehearsal
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Keeping information in working memory by repeating it to yourself
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Elaborative rehearsal
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Keeping information in working memory by associating it with something else you already know.
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Chunking
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Grouping individual bits of data into meaningful larger units.
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Components of working memory
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1)Central executive
2)Phonological Loop 3)Visuaspatial sketchpad |
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Central Executive
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The part of working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources.
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Phonological Loop
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Part of working memory. A memory rehearsal system for verbal and sound information of about 1.5 to 2 seconds.
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Vusuospatial Sketchpad
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Part of working memory. A holding system for visual and spatial information.
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Declarative Knowledge
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Verbal information; facts; "knowing that" something is the case
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Procedural Knowledge
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Kwoledge that is demonstrated when we perform a task, "knowing how"
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Why do we forget?
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Information lost from working memory truly disappears, but information in long term memory may be available, given the right cues. Information appears to be lost from long-term memory through time decay(neural connections, like muscles, grow weak without use) and interference(newer memories may obscure older memories , and older memories may interfere with memory for new material).
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Strategies for storing/retrieving information from LTM?
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1)Elaboration
2)Organization 3)Context |
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Elaboration
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Adding and extending meaning by connecting new information to existing knowledge.
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Organization
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Ordered and logical network of relations.
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Context
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The physical or emotional backdrop associated with an event
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Mnemonics
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Techniques for remembering;the art of memory. Systematic procedures for improving memory. When information has little inherent meaning, mnemonic strategies build meaning by connecting what is to be learned with established words or images.
Examples of mnemonics: -remembering grocery list:millk blocking the entry of the house,bread sleeping in your bed, butter melting on your dining room table-uses a familiar place and find locations to peg memories-loci method -acronyms-Suzy parties crazy on fridays-chain mnemonics-methods that connnect the first item to be memorized with the second and so on -keyword method-system of associating new words or concepts with similar sounding cue words and images-ex:the word carlin means old woman..recode carling to the more familiar word car..make up a sentence "The old woman was driving a car -rote memorization-remembering information by using repetition |
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Distributed Practice
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Practice in brief periods with rest intervals. More preferred way of study! Provides time for deeper processing. What is forgotten after one session can be relearned in the next distributive practice.
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Mass practice
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Practice for a single extended period of time, This leads to fatigue, lagging motivation, and cognitive overload.
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