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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 key processes involved in memory?
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encoding, storage, retrieval
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Verbal info engages 3 levels of processing. What are they?
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structural,phonemic, and semantic encoding
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Levels-of-processing theory
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proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer lasting memory codes
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Elaboration
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linking a stimulus to other information at the time or encoding
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Imagery
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the creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered
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Allan Paivio
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believes its easier to form images of concrete objects than of abstract concepts
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who is responsible for the dual-coding theory?
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Allan Paivio
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dual-coding theory states:
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that memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes,since either can lead to recall
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Atkinson and Shiffrin model shows what?
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incoming information passes through two temporary storage buffers....the sensory store and short term store---before it is transfered into a long term store.
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Sensory memory...
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preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second.
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Short term memory (STM)
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is a limited capactiy store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 10-20 seconds
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A chunk is?
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a group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
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The small capacity of short term memory was pointed out by?
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George Miller
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Alan Baddeley
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characterizes short term memory as "working memory"
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Baddeley's model of working memory consists of 4 components:
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Phonological loop, Central executive, Episodic buffer, and Visuospatial sketchpad
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Wilder Penfield
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triggered long lost memories through electrical stimulation of the brain during brain surgeries.
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flashbulb memories
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usually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events.
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Conceptual Hierarchy
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is a multilevel classification system based on common properties among items.
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Schema
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is an organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with that object or event. (teachers offices')
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Semantic Network
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networks of associations among concepts
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Roger Brown and David McNeill studied what?
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Tip of the tongue phenomenon
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Marcia Johnson is known for what?
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source monitoring theory
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Hermann Ebbinghaus
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The first person to conduct scientific studies of forgetting.
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What is motivated forgetting?
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tendency to forget things one doesnt want to think about.
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Retroactive Interference
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occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information.
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Interference theory proposes:
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that people forget information because of competition from other material.
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